Abstract Pollutants and microbiota present in the residual sludge of hydraulic fracturing were determined and characterized physicochemically. Analyses included determination of pH, electric conductivity, organic matter percentage, as well as total carbonates, inorganic nitrogen and extractable phosphorous. In addition, presence of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by atomic absorption and presence of radioactive isotopes by gamma spectrometry were determined. Moreover, fungi and bacteria present in the residual sludge were classified taxonomically to the level of genus. Medium and heavy hydrocarbon fractions were found in concentrations above the maximum limits permitted (MLP) by Mexican environmental norms. Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mg, however, were below the MLP. Likewise, gamma spectrometry analysis revealed naturally occurring Ac228, Ra226 and K40. The microbiological analysis found presence of the bacteria Bacillus spp., Micrococcus sp., Diplococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. and the fungi Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium spp.

中文翻译：

---

墨西哥布尔戈斯盆地水力压裂开采天然气剩余污泥的实验室表征

摘要 对水力压裂残余污泥中的污染物和微生物群进行了物理化学测定和表征。分析包括确定 pH 值、电导率、有机物百分比以及总碳酸盐、无机氮和可提取磷。此外，通过气相色谱法确定了碳氢化合物的存在，原子吸收法确定了潜在有毒元素 (PTE)，伽马光谱法确定了放射性同位素的存在。此外，残留污泥中存在的真菌和细菌在分类学上分类为属。发现中重烃馏分的浓度高于墨西哥环境规范允许的最大限值 (MLP)。然而，Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe 和 Mg 低于 MLP。同样地，伽马光谱分析揭示了天然存在的 Ac228、Ra226 和 K40。微生物学分析发现存在芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属、双球菌属。和葡萄球菌属。和真菌木霉属，曲霉属。和青霉属。