Abstract Past research has rarely examined what makes behaviors appear more or less hypocritical. This work expands our understanding, identifying and exploring factors contributing to perception of hypocrisy. An initial study surveyed participants’ definitions of the concept. Experiments 2a/2b then demonstrate that attitude–behavior inconsistency is viewed as most hypocritical, followed by attitude-attitude and behavior-behavior inconsistency. Experiments 3 and 4 examined how perception of hypocrisy depends on attitude strength, communication method, and whether attitudes/behaviors are privately or publicly held/enacted. We conclude that hypocrisy is perceived as strongest when attitudes are publicly imposed on others in an attempt to appear morally superior.

中文翻译：

---

是什么造就了虚伪？民间定义、态度/行为组合、态度强度和私人/公共区别

摘要 过去的研究很少研究是什么让行为显得或多或少虚伪。这项工作扩展了我们的理解、识别和探索导致对伪善的看法的因素。一项初步研究调查了参与者对该概念的定义。实验 2a/2b 然后证明态度 - 行为不一致被视为最虚伪，其次是态度 - 态度和行为 - 行为不一致。实验 3 和 4 检验了对虚伪的感知如何取决于态度强度、沟通方法以及态度/行为是私下还是公开持有/制定的。我们的结论是，当人们公开地将态度强加于他人以试图表现出道德优越时，虚伪被认为是最强的。