ABSTRACT Multiple-species (floristically diverse) plantings of trees and shrubs in former agricultural landscapes to offset (sequester) emissions of carbon dioxide are a recent component of Australian landscapes. Although their potential to mitigate biodiversity loss is recognised, this ecological function has not been investigated, in particular with respect to insect diversity. Over two summers, we used light trapping to sample Lepidoptera (moths) and Coleoptera (beetles) in multiple-species plantings in two distinct locations in Victoria (plantings of four ages per location) as well as in nearby remnant forest and in pasture. At both locations, we found that plantings had a greater abundance of Lepidoptera than remnants but that the abundance in plantings was comparable to the abundance in pasture. The species richness of Lepidoptera in plantings did not differ significantly from that in remnants but was significantly greater than that in pasture. The abundance and species richness of Coleoptera in plantings was lower than in remnant forests but higher than in pasture. The community composition of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in plantings was intermediate between that of remnant forest and pasture, i.e. possibly transitional between the two vegetation types. Dissimilarity between all vegetation types was nevertheless high, reflecting that the abundance of individual taxa reflects the influence of temporally and spatially dependent factors, e.g. host plant size and suitability. Greater abundances of grass-feeding Lepidoptera in plantings explained much of the dissimilarity between plantings and remnant forests. Proximity to remnant forest was an important determinant of the community composition of Lepidoptera but not of Coleoptera. Moth forewing length (relevant to vagility which is an indicator of dispersal capacity) appeared less important to proximity relationships than larval host plant specificity, i.e. whether grass or dicot-feeding. The location of sequestration plantings relative to remnant forest as well as their composition (including the persistence of pasture grasses) will determine the attractiveness of the resources provided to insect herbivores and hence the rate at which they are colonised. Plantings near remnant native forest benefit insect diversity but adoption of novel silvicultural practices could hasten the rate at which they become functional mimics of native forests and support more comparable communities of insect. Potential trade-offs between increased establishment costs and more complex carbon accounting might need to be investigated to cost biodiversity credits associated with dual accreditation schemes.

中文翻译：

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多物种重新造林种植中鳞翅目和鞘翅目的多样性和丰度以抵消二氧化碳的排放

摘要在以前的农业景观中种植多种（植物多样性）树木和灌木以抵消（隔离）二氧化碳的排放是澳大利亚景观的最新组成部分。尽管它们减轻生物多样性丧失的潜力得到了认可，但尚未研究这种生态功能，特别是在昆虫多样性方面。在两个夏天，我们使用光诱捕法在维多利亚的两个不同地点（每个地点种植四个年龄）以及附近的残余森林和牧场的多物种种植中对鳞翅目（飞蛾）和鞘翅目（甲虫）进行采样。在这两个地方，我们发现种植园中鳞翅目昆虫的数量比残余植物多，但种植园的丰度与牧场中的丰度相当。鳞翅目种植区的物种丰富度与残留区差异不大，但明显高于牧区。种植园鞘翅目丰度和物种丰富度低于残留林，高于草场。林地鳞翅目和鞘翅目群落组成介于残林和牧草之间，可能介于两种植被类型之间。尽管如此，所有植被类型之间的差异仍然很大，这反映了个体分类群的丰度反映了时间和空间依赖因素的影响，例如寄主植物的大小和适宜性。种植中草食性鳞翅目数量较多，解释了种植与残余森林之间的大部分差异。靠近残余森林是鳞翅目群落组成的一个重要决定因素，但不是鞘翅目群落组成的一个重要决定因素。蛾前翅长度（与作为传播能力指标的可变性相关）对邻近关系的重要性似乎不如幼虫寄主植物特异性，即是否以草或双子叶植物为食。固存种植相对于残余森林的位置及其组成（包括牧草的持久性）将决定提供给昆虫食草动物的资源的吸引力以及它们的定殖率。在原始原始森林附近种植有利于昆虫多样性，但采用新的造林做法可以加快它们成为原始森林功能模仿物的速度，并支持更多可比较的昆虫群落。