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The effects of drought, heat and elevated atmospheric CO2 on physiology and growth of Eucalyptus – Does climate-of-origin matter?**
Australian Forestry ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-02 , DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2019.1681723
A. Wesolowski 1
Affiliation  

This thesis assessed the effects of future climate factors (i.e. [CO2], heat waves and soil water availability) on growth and physiology of Eucalyptus species originating in different climates-of-origin. The main aim was to test intra-specific variation of plant traits to climate change. Four tree species native to Australia were selected due to their national ecological and international economic importance: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus coolabah. I tested the response of E. camaldulensis to elevated atmospheric [CO2] (eCO2), heat and drought stress; E. grandis to eCO2 and drought stress; and the acclimation response of E. melliodora and E. coolabah to wetting and drying cycles with final drought to mortality. Phenotypic plasticity in leaf gas exchange, growth and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves was significantly different in E. camaldulensis and E. grandis when subjected to heat and/or water stress. In E. grandis, the tallest trees from cool temperatures had the largest growth reductions during stress. In E. camaldulensis, trees originating in semi-arid climates initiated leaf abscission early and conserved NSC, which led to faster stem and leaf area recovery than trees frommore mesic climates. Moreover, eCO2 ameliorated stress responses related to photosynthesis when trees were either heat-stressed or water-limited; timeto-leaf-death was extended in one provenance of E. camaldulensis in eCO2. There was no acclimation of leaf gas exchange to variable water availability during the series of droughts in E. melliodora and E. coolabah. Yet, species had contrasting water-use strategies linked to their distributional range across Australia. Eucalyptus coolabah originating in a semi-arid climate reduced its leaf area to prevent hydraulic failure, while E. melliodora originating in a mesic climate utilised NSC reserves to tolerate water limitation. These results highlight the importance of soil water availability for physiological functioning and growth, but they also show that intra-specific differences exist in response to heat and drought. In conclusion, my PhD research extends information on interand intra-specific differences in phenotypic plasticity of trees to the main and interactive effects of climate factors, which can be used to identify plantation trees for future climate regimes.

中文翻译:

干旱、高温和大气 CO2 升高对桉树生理和生长的影响——起源气候是否重要?**

本论文评估了未来气候因素(即 [CO2]、热浪和土壤水分可用性)对不同原产地气候的桉树物种生长和生理的影响。主要目的是测试植物性状对气候变化的种内变异。四种原产于澳大利亚的树种因其国家生态和国际经济重要性而被选中:桉树、大桉、桉树和桉树。我测试了 E. camaldulensis 对升高的大气 [CO2] (eCO2)、高温和干旱胁迫的反应;E. Grandis 对 eCO2 和干旱胁迫;以及 E. melliodora 和 E.coolabah 对湿润和干燥循环以及最终干旱至死亡的适应反应。叶片气体交换中的表型可塑性,当受到热和/或水分胁迫时,E. camaldulensis 和 E. grandis 的生长和非结构性碳水化合物 (NSC) 储备显着不同。在 E. grandis 中,来自凉爽温度的最高树木在压力下的生长减少最大。在 E. camaldulensis 中,起源于半干旱气候的树木较早开始叶片脱落并保存了 NSC,这导致茎叶面积恢复速度比来自更温和气候的树木更快。此外,当树木受热胁迫或缺水时,eCO2 改善了与光合作用相关的胁迫反应;在 eCO2 中,E. camaldulensis 的一个来源延长了叶片死亡时间。在 E. mellioodora 和 E.coolabah 的一系列干旱期间,叶片气体交换没有适应可变的可用水量。然而,物种具有与其在澳大利亚的分布范围相关的对比用水策略。Eucalyptus coolabah 起源于半干旱气候减少其叶面积以防止水力故障,而 E. meliodora 起源于中等气候利用 NSC 储备来容忍水分限制。这些结果强调了土壤水分可用性对生理功能和生长的重要性,但它们也表明,在响应热和干旱时存在种内差异。总之,我的博士研究将树木表型可塑性的种间和种内差异的信息扩展到气候因素的主要和交互作用,这些信息可用于确定未来气候制度的人工林树木。源自半干旱气候的 Eucalyptus coolabah 减少了其叶面积以防止水力故障,而源自中等气候的 E. melliodora 利用 NSC 储备来容忍水分限制。这些结果强调了土壤水分可用性对生理功能和生长的重要性,但它们也表明,在响应热和干旱时存在种内差异。总之,我的博士研究将树木表型可塑性的种间和种内差异的信息扩展到气候因素的主要和交互作用,这些信息可用于确定未来气候制度的人工林树木。源自半干旱气候的 Eucalyptus coolabah 减少了其叶面积以防止水力故障,而源自中等气候的 E. melliodora 利用 NSC 储备来容忍水分限制。这些结果强调了土壤水分可用性对生理功能和生长的重要性,但它们也表明,在响应热和干旱时存在种内差异。总之,我的博士研究将树木表型可塑性的种间和种内差异的信息扩展到气候因素的主要和交互作用,这些信息可用于确定未来气候制度的人工林树木。这些结果强调了土壤水分可用性对生理功能和生长的重要性,但它们也表明,在响应热和干旱时存在种内差异。总之,我的博士研究将树木表型可塑性的种间和种内差异的信息扩展到气候因素的主要和交互作用,这些信息可用于确定未来气候制度的人工林树木。这些结果强调了土壤水分可用性对生理功能和生长的重要性,但它们也表明,在响应热和干旱时存在种内差异。总之,我的博士研究将树木表型可塑性的种间和种内差异的信息扩展到气候因素的主要和交互作用,这些信息可用于确定未来气候制度的人工林树木。
更新日期:2019-10-02
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