Abstract Freezing rain occurs in complex atmospheric conditions when the temperature is close to 0°C. To better understand how its occurrence will change in the future, there is a need to assess how well regional climate models can reproduce those conditions. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of horizontal resolution on the simulation of freezing rain using the fifth generation of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). Three CRCM5 simulations driven by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) over eastern North America at resolutions of 0.11°, 0.22°, and 0.44° were conducted over a period of 36 years (1979–2014). Freezing rain is diagnosed using an in-line diagnostic method for precipitation partitioning. A climatological study of annual and seasonal accumulated freezing rain was conducted. In addition, the ability of the three simulations to reproduce individual freezing rain events was evaluated. Our analyses include frequency and partitioning of different precipitation types and comparisons with observations. All simulations reproduced the climatology of freezing rain sufficiently well and show similar large-scale patterns. The number of freezing rain events tends to be overestimated at higher resolution and underestimated at lower resolution. Despite the overestimation, detailed maxima associated with freezing rain are well defined and located at higher resolution, notably in regions of the St. Lawrence River Valley. Overall, this study is consistent with other added-value studies, generally showing a mix of improvement and deterioration in the precipitation fields by the higher resolution simulations.

中文翻译：

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模式水平分辨率对区域气候模拟中导致冻雨的大气条件的影响

摘要 冻雨是​​在温度接近0°C的复杂大气条件下发生的。为了更好地了解未来它的发生将如何变化，有必要评估区域气候模型可以在多大程度上再现这些条件。本研究的目的是使用第五代加拿大区域气候模型 (CRCM5) 研究水平分辨率对冻雨模拟的影响。由欧洲中期天气预报中心中期再分析 (ERA-Interim) 驱动的三个 CRCM5 模拟在北美东部以 0.11°、0.22° 和 0.44° 的分辨率进行了 36 年（1979-2014 年） . 使用在线诊断方法进行降水划分来诊断冻雨。对年度和季节性累积冻雨进行了气候学研究。此外，还评估了三个模拟再现个别冻雨事件的能力。我们的分析包括不同降水类型的频率和划分以及与观测结果的比较。所有模拟都很好地再现了冻雨的气候，并显示出类似的大尺度模式。冻雨事件的数量往往在高分辨率下被高估，在较低分辨率下被低估。尽管被高估了，但与冻雨相关的详细最大值定义明确，分辨率更高，尤其是在圣劳伦斯河谷地区。总体而言，本研究与其他增值研究一致，