Abstract A 5-year field study was conducted on the effect of plant residue management on soil erosion, runoff, bulk density, penetration resistance, and organic carbon. There were three treatments: burning residues on field (BR), returning residues unto the soil surface after harvesting (TR), and removing residues from soil surface (RR) (control treatment). At the end of the 5-year treatment, a rainfall simulation at 90 mm h−1 was applied to each plot. After rainfall simulation started, the runoff volume and soil loss amount in samples were collected at four sampling times. The results showed that the runoff volume for BR (from 145.5 ± 12.2 to 190.0 ± 11.8 mL) differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) from that of RR (from 32.3 ± 5.5 to 67.5 ± 11.1 mL) and TR (from 10.0 ± 0.7 to 16.7 ± 3.3 mL). A significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) was also observed between RR and TR regarding runoff volume and soil loss amount in different sampling times, except for the first sampling time (2–4 min). The runoff volume in BR and TR was 215% higher and 294% lower than that of the control (RR), respectively. As compared to the control (RR), soil loss decreased by 96.5% in TR but increased by 192% in BR. The BR increased soil bulk density and penetration resistance by 4.9% and 12.4%, whereas TR reduced them by 2.1% and 15.8%, respectively, as compared to the control (RR). The results indicated that the highest (0.35) and lowest (0.03) runoff coefficients were obtained for BR and TR treatments, respectively. It is concluded that returning plant residues to soil is the best residue management practice in decreasing soil runoff volume and controlling soil erosion in semi-arid regions.

中文翻译：

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伊朗半干旱地区降雨模拟下植物残留管理对土壤性质、地表径流和土壤流失的影响

摘要 对植物残留管理对土壤侵蚀、径流、容重、渗透阻力和有机碳的影响进行了为期 5 年的实地研究。共有三种处理：田间焚烧（BR）、收获后将残留物返回土壤表面（TR）和从土壤表面去除残留物（RR）（对照处理）。在 5 年处理结束时，对每个地块应用 90 mm h-1 的降雨模拟。降雨模拟开始后，在四个采样时间采集样品中的径流量和土壤流失量。结果表明，BR（从 145.5 ± 12.2 到 190.0 ± 11.8 mL）的径流体积与 RR（从 32.3 ± 5.5 到 67.5 ± 11.1 mL）和 TR（从 10.0 ± 7 mL）的径流体积显着不同（p ≤ 0.01）。 16.7 ± 3.3 毫升）。显着差异（p ≤ 0。01) 在 RR 和 TR 之间也观察到关于不同采样时间的径流量和土壤流失量，除了第一次采样时间（2-4 分钟）。BR 和TR 的径流量分别比对照（RR）高215% 和294%。与对照 (RR) 相比，TR 中的土壤流失减少了 96.5%，而 BR 中的土壤流失增加了 192%。与对照 (RR) 相比，BR 使土壤容重和渗透阻力增加了 4.9% 和 12.4%，而 TR 分别使它们降低了 2.1% 和 15.8%。结果表明，BR 和TR 处理分别获得了最高(0.35) 和最低(0.03) 的径流系数。得出的结论是，在半干旱地区减少土壤径流量和控制土壤侵蚀，将植物残留物还给土壤是最佳的残留物管理实践。