Santa Elena, located on Parris Island along the coast of South Carolina, was the first capital, and northernmost permanent settlement, of Spanish La Florida. Over two decades of occupation (ad 1566–1587), five forts were successively built while by ad 1569 a burgeoning Spanish settlement of over 200 people, complete with artisans, farmers, and Jesuit missionaries, flourished. Here, we articulate the results of recent, full‐coverage ground‐penetrating radar and magnetic gradiometry surveys with over 40 years of extant archaeological data to elucidate organizational characteristics of the Spanish settlement at Santa Elena. In particular, we use geophysical data to identify the potential locations of buried Spanish wells across the site. We identify roughly 200 potential well locations and compare these locations to the distribution of Spanish artifacts across the site yielded through a full‐coverage shovel test survey, the arrangement of Spanish structures known from large‐scale block excavations, and the likely position of roadways and house lots. This new data is used to contextualize and refine extant understandings of Santa Elena's town plan while also contributing to a broader research program devoted to exploring Spanish colonial life and settlement in 16^th‐century North America (The Santa Elena Landscape Project). As Santa Elena is a National Historic Landmark currently threatened by rising sea levels, this work contributes to an efficient, minimally invasive research program devoted to exploring the Spanish settlement at Santa Elena and to documenting the range of cultural resources present at the site for the purposes of protection and remediation in the context of significant, ongoing shoreline erosion.

中文翻译：

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1566–1587年在圣埃伦娜（Santa Elena）绘制西班牙定居点的地图：一种综合的考古地球物理方法

圣埃伦娜（Santa Elena）位于南卡罗来纳州沿海的帕里斯岛（Parris Island），是西班牙La Florida的首个首都，也是最北端的永久定居点。在二十年的职业（的广告1566年至1587年），五个炮台相继建成，同时通过广告1569年，蓬勃发展的西班牙殖民地发展壮大，现有200多人，其中包括工匠，农民和耶稣会传教士。在这里，我们阐述了最近进行的，覆盖面最大的探地雷达和磁梯度测量法的调查结果，并结合了40多年的现存考古数据，阐明了西班牙圣埃琳娜定居点的组织特征。特别是，我们使用地球物理数据来确定整个站点内西班牙潜井的潜在位置。我们确定了大约200个潜在的井位，并将这些位置与通过全覆盖铲试验调查得到的西班牙文物在整个站点的分布，从大型街区挖掘已知的西班牙结构的布置以及巷道的可能位置进行比较。房子。^日-century北美（圣埃伦娜景观工程）。由于圣埃琳娜（Santa Elena）是目前正受到海平面上升威胁的国家历史地标，因此这项工作有助于开展高效，微创的研究计划，该计划致力于探索圣埃琳娜（Santa Elena）的西班牙人定居点并记录该地点存在的文化资源的范围。持续不断的海岸线侵蚀背景下的保护和补救措施。