This article describes the results of the project to reconstruct a Lusatian culture fortified settlement at Biskupin (one of the most well‐known archaeological sites in Poland) using various archival data. This research work will cover Site 4 at Biskupin, based on the archaeological examinations conducted there during the period 1934–1939, i.e. pre‐war photographs acquired from different heights, e.g. from a captive balloon (maximum height up to 150 m) from a blimp (at a height of 50 to 1000/1100 m) and from an aeroplane (at a height of 200 m, 300 m and up to 3 km). Modern technology enables the creation of true orthophotomaps, which are used to amend the missing drawing documentation created in situ during pre‐war archaeological excavations. The orientation of archival, non‐metric photographs acquired from different flight heights for interpretation purposes (but not for metric documentation purposes) was performed using both structure‐from‐motion algorithms (implemented in the Agisoft PhotoScan software) and the conventional approach based on Gruber points. The investigated area was divided into four sections and all the images were orientated in one reference system, which was defined during the surveys and excavations. The estimated orientation accuracy at the check points was in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 m. The final true orthophotomaps, with reference to the maintained vector drawing, were analysed. The estimated relative error was smaller than 3%. The photogrammetric products will allow for a better understanding of construction as a whole, and for the recognition of particular structures, in particular, by taking into account functional and chronological aspects.

中文翻译：

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根据档案数据，在站点Biskupin的防御工事的真实正射影像图的开发

本文介绍了使用各种档案数据重建比斯库平（波兰最著名的考古遗址之一）的卢萨斯人文化强化定居点的项目结果。这项研究工作将基于1934年至1939年期间在Biskupin进行的站点4的研究，即从不同高度（例如从飞艇上捕获的气球（最大高度可达150 m））获取的战前照片， （在50至1000/1100 m的高度）和飞机（在200 m，300 m以及3 km以下的高度）。现代技术可以创建真实的正射影像图，这些正射影像图用于修改就地创建的缺失图纸文档战前考古发掘期间。为了解释目的（但不是出于度量标准文档目的），从不同飞行高度获取的档案非度量照片的方向是使用“运动构造”算法（在Agisoft PhotoScan软件中实现）和基于Gruber的常规方法进行的点。被调查区域分为四个部分，所有图像都在一个参考系统中定位，该参考系统是在勘测和挖掘过程中定义的。在检查点的估计定向精度在0.1到0.4 m的范围内。参照维护的矢量绘图，分析了最终的真实正射影像图。估计的相对误差小于3％。