Abstract The aim of the research was to identify functional changes of villages in peripheral area of Klodzko County in the Sudetes Mountains in southwestern Poland. The study area has for many decades been classified as a marginal and problem region, mainly due to a substantial trend of long-term depopulation. However, in recent years the signs of economic revival have been observed. The study innovatively uses the functional typology of the smallest administrative units (villages) to recognize the character and spatial differentiation of functional transformations of these localities in the last 15 years following Polish accession to the European Union. The analyses were based on the data from the National Official Business Register. The results show an increase in the number of villages with dominant service functions, especially in tourism, and decrease in numbers of villages with the dominant agricultural sector. These changes can be interpreted as an illustration of evolutionary multifunctional rural development in marginal areas, which also affects villages previously classified as declining. The findings allow for proposing a new category of a “reviving village”. Significant spatial differentiation of functional changes in the problem region suggests that local conditions exert a considerable influence on the course and scale of transformation in rural areas. Effectively, “problem area” is a heterogeneous category. Therefore there is a vital need for in-depth analyses, including new typologies, of the smallest administrative units (villages), to capture current processes in rural areas and to adapt strategies, support, and development policies to local assets and site-specific needs.

中文翻译：

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作为农村复兴的一个方面，2004 年至 2016 年间东中欧外围山区的功能变化？克沃兹科县案例研究

摘要 本研究旨在确定波兰西南部苏台德山脉克洛兹科县周边地区村庄的功能变化。该研究区几十年来一直被归类为边缘和问题区域，主要是由于长期人口减少的显着趋势。然而，近年来已经观察到经济复苏的迹象。该研究创新地使用最小行政单位（村庄）的功能类型来识别波兰加入欧盟后过去 15 年中这些地方功能转变的特征和空间差异。分析基于来自国家官方商业登记册的数据。结果显示，具有主导服务功能的村庄数量有所增加，尤其是在旅游、以农业为主的村庄数量减少。这些变化可以解释为边缘地区多功能农村发展的一个例证，这也影响了以前被归类为衰落的村庄。研究结果允许提出一个新的“复兴村”类别。问题区域功能变化的显着空间差异表明，当地条件对农村地区转型的过程和规模产生了相当大的影响。实际上，“问题领域”是一个异质类别。因此，迫切需要对最小的行政单位（村）进行深入分析，包括新的类型学，以捕捉农村地区的当前进程并调整战略、支持、