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Measuring Maize in South Africa: The Shifting Structure of Production During the Twentieth Century, 1904–2015
Agrekon ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-16 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2018.1523017
Jan C. Greyling 1 , Philip G. Pardey 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Using a new compilation of agricultural data, we find that South Africa increased its total maize production from 328,000 tons in 1904 to 1.68 million tons in 1935, and 12.2 million tons centred on 2015. This 6.1-fold increase in overall maize production since 1935 occurred against a 35.7 per cent reduction in the area planted, made possible by an 8.6-fold increase in average maize yields. While commercial farmers now produce 94.6 per cent of the country’s maize crop (on 87.5 per cent of the maize area), that was not always the case. In 1942 smallholder farmers—operating within the former homeland areas and outside those areas—accounted for 20.6 per cent of production and 40.6 per cent of the planted area. The location of production also changed. While the Free State remains the dominant producer with 38.8 per cent of output and 42.7 per cent of planted area in 2015, other regions have gained considerable ground (e.g., Mpumalanga, which now accounts for 23.5 per cent of production, and the Northern Cape, 6.4 per cent). Other provinces have ceded ground (e.g., the North West accounted for 28.5 per cent of production in 1994, down to 17.3 per cent in 2015). We also quantify the shifting shares of white versus yellow maize. Although white maize is still a significant share of overall production (49.6 per cent in 2015), yellow maize is growing at a faster pace as both the area planted to yellow maize and the yield growth thereof has outpaced that of white maize.

中文翻译:

测量南非的玉米:20 世纪生产结构的变化,1904-2015

摘要 使用新的农业数据汇编,我们发现南非的玉米总产量从 1904 年的 328,000 吨增加到 1935 年的 168 万吨,以 2015 年为中心增加了 1220 万吨。自 1935 年以来,玉米总产量增加了 6.1 倍种植面积减少了 35.7%,而平均玉米产量增加了 8.6 倍。虽然商业农民现在生产了该国 94.6% 的玉米作物(占玉米面积的 87.5%),但情况并非总是如此。1942 年,在原故土地区内外经营的小农占总产量的 20.6% 和种植面积的 40.6%。生产地点也发生了变化。而自由州仍然是占主导地位的生产者,占产量的 38.8% 和 42。2015 年种植面积占种植面积的 7%,其他地区取得了相当大的进步(例如,普马兰加省占总产量的 23.5%,北开普省占 6.4%)。其他省份也有所让步(例如,西北地区占 1994 年产量的 28.5%,2015 年下降到 17.3%)。我们还量化了白玉米与黄玉米的变化份额。尽管白玉米仍占总产量的重要份额(2015 年为 49.6%),但由于黄玉米的种植面积和产量增长都超过了白玉米,因此黄玉米的增长速度更快。例如,1994 年西北地区占产量的 28.5%,2015 年下降到 17.3%)。我们还量化了白玉米与黄玉米的变化份额。尽管白玉米仍占总产量的重要份额(2015 年为 49.6%),但由于黄玉米的种植面积和产量增长都超过了白玉米,因此黄玉米的增长速度更快。例如,1994 年西北地区占产量的 28.5%,2015 年下降到 17.3%)。我们还量化了白玉米与黄玉米的变化份额。尽管白玉米仍占总产量的重要份额(2015 年为 49.6%),但由于黄玉米的种植面积和产量增长都超过了白玉米,因此黄玉米的增长速度更快。
更新日期:2018-11-16
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