ABSTRACT This study compares long established and more recently developed wine regions in South Africa. Deterministic efficiency frontiers produce measures of technical efficiency and technical change over time and the results for scale efficiency for each farm and each year show why the farm size results in previous studies are somewhat weak and contradictory. The scale efficiencies are very close to unity and switch from increasing to decreasing returns frequently over the period. This suggests scale efficiency is not important and although decreasing returns to scale dominates it lessens over time. The Malmquist TFP index is the product of technical change and efficiency change, but the usual contemporaneous version gives unreasonable results, as technical change and efficiency change move violently in opposite directions, making interpretation difficult. Since technological regression is not possible in such a short time period the sequential Malmquist is used as it prevents this occurrence. This shows that technological change has been very limited and that efficiency has also improved very little and thus the Malmquist TFP index has also grown very slowly, which bodes ill for South Africa’s competitive position. The differences between the old and new districts are minimal, but growth was slightly higher in the newer regions.

中文翻译：

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南非酿酒葡萄产量，2005-2015：规模和技术效率以及全要素生产率的区域比较

摘要 本研究比较了南非历史悠久和最近开发的葡萄酒产区。确定性效率前沿产生了技术效率和技术随时间变化的度量，每个农场和每年的规模效率结果表明，为什么以前研究中农场规模的结果有些薄弱和矛盾。规模效率非常接近于统一，并且在此期间频繁地从收益递增变为递减。这表明规模效率并不重要，尽管规模收益下降占主导地位，但随着时间的推移，规模效率会降低。Malmquist TFP 指数是技术变化和效率变化的产物，但通常的同期版本给出了不合理的结果，因为技术变化和效率变化向相反的方向剧烈移动，使解释变得困难。由于在如此短的时间内不可能实现技术回归，因此使用顺序 Malmquist 来防止这种情况发生。这表明技术变革非常有限，效率也几乎没有提高，因此 Malmquist TFP 指数也增长非常缓慢，这对南非的竞争地位不利。旧区和新区之间的差异很小，但新区的增长略高。这对南非的竞争地位不利。旧区和新区之间的差异很小，但新区的增长略高。这对南非的竞争地位不利。旧区和新区之间的差异很小，但新区的增长略高。