ABSTRACT The paper contributes to the scant literature on vertical price transmission between farmers and retailers in the white teff market in Ethiopia, investigating the features of this phenomenon across the most important production regions. Using Vector Error Correction and Threshold Vector Error Correction models, our study complements the traditional investigations of linear vertical integration with the analysis of possible asymmetries in price transmission. We adopted monthly retail price series from July 2004 until January 2014. The retail price allowed us a better understanding of how an inefficient market system taxes consumers than did the wholesale price normally used in the literature. We found a low speed of vertical price co-integration for white teff with different features at the regional level. Our results show linear or symmetric price transmission for the Amhara and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region regions, revealing the relative efficiency and competitiveness of the market. On the other hand, we found the presence of non-linear price transmission for the Oromia and Tigrai regions; this asymmetry result pronounced towards positive price shocks implying a persistent price rise that worsens the livelihood of final users. Based on our findings, we suggest, among other measures, providing better market infrastructure, encouraging market participation for the product, introducing and disseminating cultures and institutions that bring producers and sellers closer, increasing the productivity of producers and the supply of their produce, and strengthening farmers’ organisation as measures of policy intervention to enhance efficiency and competitiveness of the white teff supply chain in Ethiopia.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚白画眉草市场的垂直价格传导

摘要 本文对埃塞俄比亚白画眉草市场农民和零售商之间垂直价格传递的文献很少，调查了这一现象在最重要的产区的特征。使用向量误差校正和阈值向量误差校正模型，我们的研究补充了线性垂直整合的传统研究，并分析了价格传输中可能的不对称性。我们采用了 2004 年 7 月至 2014 年 1 月的月度零售价格序列。与文献中通常使用的批发价格相比，零售价格使我们能够更好地了解低效市场体系如何对消费者征税。我们发现在区域层面具有不同特征的白画眉草的垂直价格协整速度较低。我们的结果显示了阿姆哈拉和南方国家、民族和人民地区的线性或对称价格传导，揭示了市场的相对效率和竞争力。另一方面，我们发现奥罗米亚和提格雷地区存在非线性价格传导；这种不对称结果明显导致价格上涨，意味着价格持续上涨，最终用户的生计恶化。根据我们的调查结果，我们建议，除其他措施外，提供更好的市场基础设施、鼓励产品的市场参与、引入和传播使生产者和销售者更加密切的文化和制度、提高生产者的生产力及其产品的供应、