ABSTRACT In this paper tariff rate quota (TRQ) fruit products are analysed as representative sectors in a Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) static model to establish impacts on trade and welfare. Simulations are carried out to remove EU tariffs on fruit products, non-tariff measures (NTMs) and other influential factors accounting for the unfilled portion of the TRQs. A large proportion of quota under-fill is explained by the presence of NTMs which include aspects of the TRQ administration methods on the exporter side. The results of the simulations show that the increase in exports is greater with the removal of NTMs than with tariff removal. The findings of the equivalent variation (EV) measure of welfare show a welfare loss of −US$14 040 in South Africa when quota fill is simulated without the removal of NTMs. Partial trade liberalisation characterised by the removal of only tariffs, exhibits smaller welfare gains (US$31 943) compared with the combined liberalisation of tariffs and NTMs which improves welfare by US$221 834. The study concludes that the trade liberalisation process of fruit products TRQs should simultaneously implement full tariff liberalisation with TRQ expansion and the reduction of NTMs.

中文翻译：

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关税配额影响南非水果产品进入欧盟市场的出口市场准入

摘要 在本文中，关税配额 (TRQ) 水果产品作为全球贸易分析项目 (GTAP) 可计算一般均衡 (CGE) 静态模型中的代表性部门进行分析，以确定对贸易和福利的影响。进行模拟以取消欧盟对水果产品的关税、非关税措施 (NTM) 和其他影响关税配额未填写部分的影响因素。很大一部分配额未足额的原因是非关税措施的存在，其中包括出口商方面的关税配额管理方法的各个方面。模拟结果表明，与取消关税相比，取消非关税措施带来的出口增长更大。福利的等效变异 (EV) 测量结果表明，当在不去除 NTM 的情况下模拟配额填充时，南非的福利损失为 -14 040 美元。与关税和非关税措施的联合自由化相比，以仅取消关税为特征的部分贸易自由化显示出较小的福利收益（31 943 美元），后者提高了 221 834 美元的福利。该研究得出结论，水果产品关税配额的贸易自由化进程应该同时实施全面关税自由化，扩大关税配额和减少非关税措施。