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Variability and predictability of winter cold nights in Argentina
Weather and Climate Extremes ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2019.100236
Soledad Collazo , Mariana Barrucand , Matilde Rusticucci

Extreme cold events can cause crop damage as well as an increase in energy demand and even in the mortality rate. Identifying the atmospheric processes associated with the occurrence of these extremes would allow decision-makers to implement preventive and mitigation actions. The goal of this study is to identify predictors of cold extremes of minimum temperature during winter in Argentina (north of 40 °S), and their modulation by the different El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases for the period 1970–2015. Lagged correlation analysis between winter cold nights and several global and regional climate indices identified ENSO, subtropical jet intensity, position and intensity of the South Pacific Anticyclone (SPA), and a blocking index as the dominating forcings. The El Niño phase is associated with a decrease in the occurrence of cold extremes. In addition, an increase in the number of blocking events together with a weaker subtropical jet and, a less intense and northward shift of the SPA also inhibit the occurrence of cold extremes of the minimum temperature. Our results indicate persistence in the winter cold nights series compared with the previous season in eastern Argentina. Two winters with opposite extreme conditions (high and low frequency of cold nights) were selected as case studies. Since both cases occurred under ENSO neutral conditions, we also searched for cold nights predictors considering only neutral years. We detected the presence of an equivalent barotropic structure located in southeastern Pacific in both events, which confirmed the importance of the SPA intensity and blocking events as predictors in absence of an active El Niño.



中文翻译:

阿根廷冬季寒冷之夜的变异性和可预测性

极度寒冷的天气会造成农作物受损以及能量需求增加甚至死亡率增加。确定与这些极端事件发生有关的大气过程将使决策者能够采取预防和缓解行动。这项研究的目的是确定阿根廷冬季(最低40°S)冬季最低温度的极端极端,以及1970-2015年期间厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)不同阶段对它们的调制。冬季寒冷的夜晚与一些全球和区域性气候指数之间的滞后相关性分析确定了ENSO,亚热带急流强度,南太平洋反气旋(SPA)的位置和强度以及阻塞指数是主要强迫。厄尔尼诺期与寒冷极端事件的发生减少有关。此外,阻塞事件的数量增加,副热带急流减弱,SPA的向北移动减弱,也抑制了最低温度的极端寒冷。我们的结果表明,与阿根廷东部地区的前一个季节相比,冬季寒冷的夜晚系列持续存在。案例研究选择了两个极端条件相反的冬季(寒冷夜晚的频率很高和很低)。由于这两种情况都是在ENSO中性条件下发生的,因此我们也仅考虑中性年份来寻找寒冷夜晚的预测因子。我们在这两个事件中都检测到了位于东南太平洋的等压正压结构,这证实了在没有厄尔尼诺现象的情况下,SPA强度和阻塞事件作为预报因子的重要性。阻塞事件数量的增加,以及副热带急流的减弱,以及SPA强度减弱和向北移动,也抑制了最低温度的寒冷极端的发生。我们的结果表明,与阿根廷东部地区的前一个季节相比,冬季寒冷的夜晚系列持续存在。案例研究选择了两个极端条件相反的冬季(寒冷夜晚的频率很高和很低)。由于这两种情况都是在ENSO中性条件下发生的,因此我们也仅考虑中性年份来寻找寒冷夜晚的预测因子。我们在这两个事件中都检测到了位于东南太平洋的等压正压结构,这证实了在没有厄尔尼诺现象的情况下,SPA强度和阻塞事件作为预报因子的重要性。阻塞事件数量的增加,以及副热带急流的减弱,以及SPA强度减弱和向北移动,也抑制了最低温度的寒冷极端的发生。我们的结果表明,与阿根廷东部地区的前一个季节相比,冬季寒冷的夜晚系列持续存在。案例研究选择了两个极端条件相反的冬季(寒冷夜晚的频率很高和很低)。由于这两种情况都是在ENSO中性条件下发生的,因此我们也仅考虑中性年份来寻找寒冷夜晚的预测因子。我们在这两个事件中都检测到了位于东南太平洋的等压正压结构,这证实了在没有厄尔尼诺现象的情况下,SPA强度和阻塞事件作为预报因子的重要性。

更新日期:2019-10-13
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