The issue of water access and security has been emphasized in the recent policy debate on sustainable development (Sustainable Development Goal No. 6) and adaptation to climate change (CoP21 in Paris, 2015). This study provides new evidence about the Blue Virtual Water Input-Output Network. The main novelty of our approach is the combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) with Network Theory. SDA reveals that size-related, technological and structural components have contributed substantially to changes in virtual water use. Network analysis offers new insights about the vulnerability of the system to shocks through trade links across country-sector pairs. Our analysis highlights a possible trade-off in the increasing importance of virtual water trade: the efficiency improvement in granting access to virtual water might come at the cost of increasing systemic vulnerability.

Overall, the great unbalance between water availability and usage combined with rigidity of global consumption and production networks and the risk of cascade effects imply increasing vulnerability of the virtual water network to shocks propagation.

在最近关于可持续发展（可持续发展目标6）和适应气候变化的政策辩论中（2015年，巴黎，CoP21），强调了水的获取和安全问题。这项研究提供了有关蓝色虚拟水投入产出网络的新证据。我们方法的主要新颖之处在于将结构分解分析（SDA）与网络理论相结合。SDA显示，与尺寸有关的技术和结构组件对虚拟用水的变化做出了重大贡献。网络分析通过跨国家部门对的贸易联系，提供了有关系统易受冲击影响的新见解。我们的分析强调了在虚拟水贸易日益重要的情况下可能的取舍：

总体而言，水资源供应和使用之间的巨大不平衡，加上全球消费和生产网络的僵化以及级联效应的风险，意味着虚拟水网络对冲击传播的脆弱性不断增加。