Road dust is one of the most informative indicators of the ecological state of urban environments, as vehicles have become the major source of pollution in many cities. Road dust consists of blown out soil particles, solid particles discharged from vehicles and abrasion of the road surface. Vehicle emissions contain many heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) in environmentally hazardous concentrations, and roadside soils can accumulate technogenic fallout from the atmosphere over many years. In Moscow, detailed studies of the chemical composition of road dust have been not performed yet, wherefore, the aim of our work was to identify the levels of HMMs accumulation in particles of road dust on roads with various traffic intensities and to analyze their dependence on the composition of roadside soils and atmospheric fallout in the winter. The contents of Ag, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, W, Zn and La in road dust and in individual particle-size fractions (PM₁, PM_1–10, РМ_10–50, РМ_>50), as well as in urban soils and in dust component of snow (atmospheric precipitation), were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. Road dust as a whole and its fractions are enriched with technogenic Ag, Cd, Sb, Zn, Sn, Cu, Pb, W, Bi, and Mo; other elements come mainly from natural and mixed sources, both natural and technogenic. The total enrichment with HMMs is maximal in PM₁ fraction and decreases with increasing particle size. With an increase in the traffic intensity, the content of the majority of HMMs increases in the PM_>50 fraction; decreases in the PM_10–50 and PM_1–10 fractions, and virtually does not change in the PM₁ fraction. On small roads, the most environmentally hazardous particles PM₁ and PM_1–10 concentrate up to 93% of Ag; 51–60% of Cd, Bi, As, Sb, and Sn; 31–50% of Cr, Mo, Pb, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu; and 15–30% of W, V, Fe, Mn, Be, Ti, and Sr. On larger roads, the proportion of all elements associated with PM₁ and PM_1–10 fractions decreases: on the Moscow Ring Road, they account for 78% of Ag; 31–35% of Cd and Sb; 16–30% of Bi, As, Sn, Mo, Pb, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu; 6–15% of W, Cr, V, Fe, Mn, and Be; and 2–5% of Ti and Sr. The geochemical feature of eastern Moscow is the formation of the Sb–Ag–Sn–W paragenesis common to road dust, soils, and solids in the snow and derived from motor vehicle emissions. As and Mo enter road dust and soil during winter season mainly with snow from the atmosphere. Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn enter road dust mainly with soil particles blown out from polluted roadside soils during summer season.

道路灰尘是城市环境生态状况最有用的指标之一，因为汽车已成为许多城市的主要污染源。道路扬尘包括吹出的土壤颗粒，车辆排放的固体颗粒和路面的磨损。车辆排放物中含有许多对环境有害的重金属和准金属（HMM），路边土壤可在多年内积聚从大气中逸出的技术性尘埃。在莫斯科，尚未对道路尘埃的化学成分进行详细的研究，因此，我们的工作目的是确定在各种交通强度的道路上，道路尘埃颗粒中的HMM积累水平，并分析其对污染物的依赖性。冬季路边土壤的组成和大气尘埃。₁，PM _1-10，РМ _10-50，РМ _{> 50}），以及在城市土壤在下雪（大气降水），通过ICP-MS和ICP-AES法测定粉尘成分。整个道路尘埃及其部分富含技术性的Ag，Cd，Sb，Zn，Sn，Cu，Pb，W，Bi和Mo；其他元素主要来自自然资源和混合资源，包括自然资源和技术资源。HMM的总富集在PM ₁馏分中最大，并随粒径增加而降低。随着交通强度的增加，大多数HMM的含量在PM _{> 50时会}增加；PM _10–50和PM _1–10下降分数，而PM ₁分数几乎没有变化。在小型道路上，对环境最有害的颗粒PM ₁和PM _1-10会聚集高达93％的Ag；在这种情况下，PM ₁和PM _1-10的含量最高。Cd，Bi，As，Sb和Sn的51-60％；Cr，Mo，Pb，Ni，Zn，Co和Cu的31-50％；和W，V，Fe，Mn，Be，Ti和Sr的15-30％。在较大的道路上，与PM ₁和PM _1-10相关的所有元素的比例分数下降：在莫斯科环路上，它们占银的78％；镉和锑的31–35％；Bi，As，Sn，Mo，Pb，Ni，Zn，Co和Cu的16–30％；W，Cr，V，Fe，Mn和Be的6-15％；钛和锶的2–5％。莫斯科东部的地球化学特征是Sb-Ag-Sn-W共生的形成，这种共生普遍存在于道路灰尘，土壤和雪中的固体中，并源于机动车排放。在冬季，砷和钼主要通过大气中的雪进入道路灰尘和土壤。Bi，Cd，Cu，Pb和Zn进入道路灰尘，主要是在夏季从污染的路边土壤中吹出的土壤颗粒。