Abstract The Polish 4G spectrum auction was a watershed event for the Polish telecommunications market. For the first time in history, the Office of Electronic Communications decided to award spectrum by using an auction process. Polish regulators implemented a simultaneous multiple-round ascending-bid auction, which was widely used worldwide for selling spectrum. The process leading to the auction and the auction itself was lengthy and eventful. Due to the wrong auction design, the auction dragged on indefinitely, causing a delay in spectrum distribution. The auction ended only as a result of the government's intervention, after 8 months (513 rounds) of bidding that raised revenue of over PLN 9 billion (over EUR 2 billion). This paper describes in detail the rules of the Polish 4G auction, analyses bidding behaviour and auction dynamics of the crucial phases of auctions, and presents the final outcomes. It also draws lessons that could help policy makers in Poland and other countries in auction design.

中文翻译：

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有史以来第一次频谱拍卖的波兰经验

摘要 波兰 4G 频谱拍卖是波兰电信市场的分水岭。电子通信办公室有史以来第一次决定通过拍卖程序授予频谱。波兰监管机构实施了同步多轮升标拍卖，在全球范围内广泛用于销售频谱。导致拍卖的过程和拍卖本身是漫长而多事的。由于拍卖设计错误，拍卖无限期拖延，导致频谱分配延迟。经过 8 个月（513 轮）的竞标，筹集了超过 90 亿兹罗提（超过 20 亿欧元）的收入，拍卖仅因政府干预而结束。本文详细介绍了波兰4G拍卖的规则，分析拍卖关键阶段的投标行为和拍卖动态，并呈现最终结果。它还吸取了可以帮助波兰和其他国家的政策制定者进行拍卖设计的经验教训。