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A tale of two reforms: Telecommunications reforms in Mexico
Telecommunications Policy ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101942
Judith Mariscal Avilés

Abstract The telecommunications industry in most parts of the world experienced a round of market-led reforms in the early 1990s. After a period of sustained development in the sector numerous countries are moving toward government-led network deployments. Even though it may appear as if the pendulum swung back to the previous 1990s period of government-led development, this paper argues persistent regional disparities in access and adoption of new technologies generated a need for public action in the second reform. By analyzing the Mexican case and comparing the policy choices in each one of the reforms, this paper sheds light on how particular policy decisions in the first reform generated inefficient market solutions and were key in creating a perception of the need for stronger public action. In both reforms, the policymaking process was carried out by a small elite that negotiated its contents behind closed doors. Paradoxically, within the transition to democracy, in the second reform, the leaders of the major political parties established a closed-door agreement. Even though the 2013 telecommunications reform improved the status quo, it did not decrease market concentration and, once again, we face low levels of investment and high levels of digital exclusion. By reconstructing the policy decision process in each reform, this paper argues that the closed-door policy choices taken, which were the result of the interaction of political actors with their own agenda and interests, hampered the most efficient solutions.

中文翻译:

两项改革的故事:墨西哥的电信改革

摘要 20世纪90年代初期,世界大部分地区的电信业都经历了一轮市场主导的改革。在该行业经过一段时间的持续发展之后,许多国家正在转向政府主导的网络部署。尽管看起来好像钟摆回到了 1990 年代以前政府主导的发展时期,但本文认为,在获取和采用新技术方面持续存在的地区差异导致在第二次改革中需要采取公共行动。通过分析墨西哥的案例并比较每项改革中的政策选择,本文阐明了第一次改革中的特定政策决定如何产生低效的市场解决方案,并且是形成对加强公共行动必要性的看法的关键。在两次改革中,决策过程是由一小撮精英进行的,他们闭门谈判其内容。矛盾的是,在向民主过渡的过程中,在第二次改革中,主要政党的领导人达成了闭门协议。尽管 2013 年的电信改革改善了现状,但并没有降低市场集中度,我们再次面临投资水平低和数字排斥水平高的问题。通过重构每项改革中的政策决策过程,本文认为,作为政治行动者与其自身议程和利益相互作用的结果,所采取的闭门政策选择阻碍了最有效的解决方案。在第二次改革中,主要政党领导人建立了闭门协议。尽管 2013 年的电信改革改善了现状,但并没有降低市场集中度,我们再次面临投资水平低和数字排斥水平高的问题。通过重构每项改革中的政策决策过程,本文认为,作为政治行动者与其自身议程和利益相互作用的结果,所采取的闭门政策选择阻碍了最有效的解决方案。在第二次改革中,主要政党领导人建立了闭门协议。尽管 2013 年的电信改革改善了现状,但并没有降低市场集中度,我们再次面临投资水平低和数字排斥水平高的问题。通过重构每项改革中的政策决策过程,本文认为,作为政治行动者与其自身议程和利益相互作用的结果,所采取的闭门政策选择阻碍了最有效的解决方案。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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