Container virtualization evolved into a key technology for deployment automation in line with the DevOps paradigm. Whereas container management systems facilitate the deployment of cloud applications by employing container-based artifacts, parts of the deployment logic have been applied before to build these artifacts. Current approaches do not integrate these two deployment phases in a comprehensive manner. Limited knowledge on application software and middleware encapsulated in container-based artifacts leads to maintainability and configuration issues. Besides, the deployment of cloud applications is based on custom orchestration solutions leading to lock-in problems. In this paper, we propose a two-phase deployment method based on the TOSCA standard. We present integration concepts for TOSCA-based orchestration and deployment automation using container-based artifacts. Our two-phase deployment method enables capturing and aligning all the deployment logic related to a software release leading to better maintainability. Furthermore, we build a container management system, which is composed of a TOSCA-based orchestrator on Apache Mesos, to deploy container-based cloud applications automatically.

容器虚拟化已发展成为符合 DevOps 范式的部署自动化的关键技术。尽管容器管理系统通过使用基于容器的工件来促进云应用程序的部署，但之前已经应用了部分部署逻辑来构建这些工件。当前的方法没有以全面的方式集成这两个部署阶段。对封装在基于容器的工件中的应用程序软件和中间件的了解有限，会导致可维护性和配置问题。此外，云应用程序的部署基于自定义编排解决方案，导致锁定问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于TOSCA标准的两阶段部署方法。我们提出了使用基于容器的工件进行基于 TOSCA 的编排和部署自动化的集成概念。我们的两阶段部署方法可以捕获和调整与软件版本相关的所有部署逻辑，从而实现更好的可维护性。此外，我们还构建了一个容器管理系统，该系统由 Apache Mesos 上基于 TOSCA 的编排器组成，用于自动部署基于容器的云应用程序。