Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut.

稻曲霉病是由真菌Ustilaginoidea virens引起的，目前是世界上最具破坏性的稻米真菌病之一。稻曲病菌不仅导致严重的减产和谷物质量下降，而且由于其产生的霉菌毒素而威胁到食品安全。本文综述了水稻的生命周期，感染过程，基因组和遗传多样性，致病基因和抗病性方面的最新进展，为控制水稻提供理论依据。。我们还提出了一些未来的方向和关键问题，需要进一步解决这些问题，以更好地理解导致水稻假黑穗病的分子机制以及可持续控制水稻假黑穗病的前景。