Abstract Wind tunnel testing is a reliable means for aircraft design. The wind tunnel models are the objects used in the tests. The accuracy and economy of the model design and fabrication have an important impact on the quality and cycle of aircraft development. Additive Manufacturing (AM, or Rapid Prototyping, 3D printing) can directly fabricate 3D parts through accumulating raw materials, and is widely regarded as a revolutionary advancement in manufacturing technology. In the very early development period, AM was soon introduced and was studied by many groups worldwide. Firstly, the introduction of AM is an advancement for the fabrication of models, which can greatly improve the fabrication economy of current models, such as reducing the number of parts, and shortening the processing cycle etc. Secondly, the introduction of AM can also improve the design of models, which is helpful to develop new types of models and even new test methods. Thirdly, AM has blurred the boundaries between real aircraft and experimental models, and promoted the development of new concept aircraft. The review first introduces the design requirements of the wind tunnel test models and recalls the AM application history for models. Next, detailed technologies concerning the design procedure and fabrication processing of the AM-based models are presented. Finally, the application of AM-based model in the development of current air vehicles and new-concept vehicles is introduced. The review provides an overview of techniques of AM in wind tunnel test models, and provide typical examples for reference to designers and researchers in the aerospace industry.

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基于增材制造技术的风洞试验模型

摘要 风洞试验是飞机设计的一种可靠手段。风洞模型是测试中使用的对象。模型设计和制造的准确性和经济性对飞机研制的质量和周期有重要影响。增材制造（AM，或Rapid Prototyping，3D打印）可以通过积累原材料直接制造3D零件，被广泛认为是制造技术的革命性进步。在非常早期的发展时期，AM 很快被引入并被全球许多团体研究。首先，AM的引入是模型制造的进步，可以大大提高现有模型的制造经济性，例如减少零件数量，缩短加工周期等。其次，AM的引入还可以改进模型的设计，有助于开发新型模型甚至新的测试方法。第三，增材制造模糊了真机与试验机的界限，促进了新概念飞机的发展。回顾首先介绍了风洞试验模型的设计要求，并回顾了模型的增材制造应用历史。接下来，介绍了有关基于 AM 模型的设计程序和制造过程的详细技术。最后介绍了基于增材制造的模型在当前飞行器和新概念飞行器开发中的应用。综述概述了增材制造技术在风洞试验模型中的应用，并为航空航天工业的设计人员和研究人员提供了典型的参考。