Currently, the explorations of small solar system bodies (asteroids and comets) have become more and more popular. Due to the limited measurement capability and irregular shape and diverse spin status of the small body, uncertainties on the parameters of the system and s/c executions are a practical and troublesome problem for mission design and operations. The sample-based Monte Carlo simulation is primarily used to propagate and analyze the effects of these uncertainties on the surrounding orbital motion. However, it is generally time-consuming because of large samples required by the highly nonlinear dynamics. New methods need to be applied for balancing computational efficiency and accuracy. To motivate this research area and facilitate the mission design process, this review firstly discusses the dynamical models and the different methods of modeling the mostly related gravitational and non-gravitational forces. Then the main uncertainties in these force models are classified and analyzed, including approaching, orbiting and landing. Then the linear and nonlinear uncertainty propagation methods are described, together with their advantages and drawbacks. Typical mission examples and the associated uncertainty analysis, in terms of methods and outcomes, are summarized. Future research efforts are emphasized in terms of complete modelling, new mission scenarios, and application of (semi-) analytical methods in small body explorations.

中文翻译：

---

小天体探测模型不确定性研究综述

目前，对太阳系小天体（小行星和彗星）的探索越来越受欢迎。由于小天体的测量能力有限、形状不规则、自旋状态多样，系统参数和s/c执行的不确定性是任务设计和操作中一个实际且棘手的问题。基于样本的蒙特卡罗模拟主要用于传播和分析这些不确定性对周围轨道运动的影响。但是，由于高度非线性动力学需要大样本，因此通常很耗时。需要应用新方法来平衡计算效率和准确性。为了激发这个研究领域并促进任务设计过程，本综述首先讨论了动力学模型以及对大多数相关的重力和非重力进行建模的不同方法。然后对这些力模型中的主要不确定性进行分类和分析，包括接近、轨道和着陆。然后描述了线性和非线性不确定性传播方法，以及它们的优点和缺点。在方法和结果方面，总结了典型的任务示例和相关的不确定性分析。未来的研究工作将在完整建模、新任务场景以及（半）分析方法在小天体探索中的应用方面得到强调。轨道飞行和着陆。然后描述了线性和非线性不确定性传播方法，以及它们的优点和缺点。在方法和结果方面，总结了典型的任务示例和相关的不确定性分析。未来的研究工作将在完整建模、新任务场景以及（半）分析方法在小天体探索中的应用方面得到强调。轨道飞行和着陆。然后描述了线性和非线性不确定性传播方法，以及它们的优点和缺点。在方法和结果方面，总结了典型的任务示例和相关的不确定性分析。未来的研究工作将在完整建模、新任务场景以及（半）分析方法在小天体探索中的应用方面得到强调。