Abstract During rocket launching, the engine exhaust impinges on the launch structures, such as the launch platform and the jet deflector, leading to a complex flowfield and generating strong noise. The engine exhaust impingement induces large aerothermodynamic and acoustic loads on the launch structures and the rocket, the overload of which is a potential risk to the rocket launch. Thus, it is important to predict and reduce the loads. Although the jet impingement during rocket launching has been studied extensively, the jet impingement during rocket launching is a complex phenomenon, where multiple mechanisms are coupled. In most researches, several mechanisms are studied separately or in a partially-coupled way. Still, there are a lot of issues on the jet impingement remaining to be solved, especially when quantitative relations are taken into account. In this article, several issues involved are reviewed, to present an overview on progresses and perspectives of the jet impingement research for rocket launching. It starts with a summary of the results accessed for normal and inclined jets impinging on flat plates, then the interactive mechanisms between impinging jets and the launch platform or the deflector system, together with relevant factors that affect the flowfield and noise. Additionally, discussions on the interaction of impinging jets with multiphase flows are also presented.

中文翻译：

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火箭发射过程中撞击射流的综述

摘要 火箭发射过程中，发动机排气会撞击发射平台、射流偏转器等发射结构，导致流场复杂，产生强烈噪声。发动机排气冲击在发射结构和火箭上引起较大的气动热力学和声学载荷，其过载对火箭发射构成潜在风险。因此，重要的是预测和减少负载。尽管火箭发射过程中的射流撞击已经得到了广泛的研究，但火箭发射过程中的射流撞击是一个复杂的现象，多机制耦合。在大多数研究中，单独或以部分耦合的方式研究了几种机制。尽管如此，关于射流撞击还有很多问题有待解决，尤其是在考虑数量关系时。本文对涉及的几个问题进行了综述，概述了火箭发射射流撞击研究的进展和前景。它首先总结了撞击平板的正常和倾斜射流的结果，然后是撞击射流与发射平台或偏转器系统之间的交互机制，以及影响流场和噪声的相关因素。此外，还讨论了撞击射流与多相流的相互作用。它首先总结了撞击平板的正常和倾斜射流的结果，然后是撞击射流与发射平台或偏转器系统之间的交互机制，以及影响流场和噪声的相关因素。此外，还讨论了撞击射流与多相流的相互作用。它首先总结了正常和倾斜射流撞击平板的结果，然后是撞击射流与发射平台或偏转器系统之间的交互机制，以及影响流场和噪声的相关因素。此外，还讨论了撞击射流与多相流的相互作用。