Icephobic coatings for aircraft and other surfaces subjected to ice accretion have generated great interest in the past two decades, due to the advancement of nanomaterials, coating fabrication methods, biomimetics, and a more in-depth understanding of ice nucleation and ice adhesion. Icephobic coatings have demonstrated the ability to repel water droplets, delay ice nucleation and significantly reduce ice adhesion. Despite these ongoing research activities and promising results, the findings reported hereafter suggest that coatings alone cannot be used for aircraft anti-icing and de-icing operations; rather, they should be considered as a complementary option to either thermal or mechanical ice protection methods, for reducing power consumption and the ecological footprint of these active systems and for expediting ground de-icing operations. This paper will first review the state-of-the-art of icephobic coatings for various applications, including their performance and existing deficiencies. The second part of this paper focuses on aerospace anti-icing and de-icing requirements and the need for hybrid systems to provide a complete ice protection solution. Lastly, several urgent issues facing further development in the field are discussed.

中文翻译：

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对防冰涂层及其在航空航天应用混合涂层/主动防冰系统中的潜在用途的调查

由于纳米材料、涂层制造方法、仿生学的进步以及对冰成核和冰粘附的更深入了解，在过去的二十年中，用于飞机和其他积冰表面的疏冰涂层引起了极大的兴趣。憎冰涂层已证明具有排斥水滴、延迟冰成核和显着减少冰粘附的能力。尽管有这些正在进行的研究活动和有希望的结果，但下文报告的结果表明，单独的涂层不能用于飞机防冰和除冰操作；相反，它们应被视为热或机械防冰方法的补充选择，以减少这些活动系统的功耗和生态足迹，并加快地面除冰作业。本文将首先回顾用于各种应用的最先进的防冰涂层，包括它们的性能和现有的缺陷。本文的第二部分重点介绍航空航天防冰和除冰要求以及混合系统提供完整防冰解决方案的必要性。最后，讨论了该领域进一步发展面临的几个紧迫问题。