Results from ecological niche models usually indicate a worrying scenario in terms of biodiversity loss. Continuous efforts to improve these models (e.g., allowing for dispersal limitation) have recently been updated to include the potential of species’ persistence, in otherwise unsuitable regions, due to natural selection (a process called evolutionary rescue). Here we discuss the major challenges in incorporating evolutionary rescue in models evaluating the impacts of global changes on species distributions. We also highlight some alternatives to overcome these challenges using simulations. Based on the current available evidence, we conclude that the potential of evolutionary rescue is low. However, due to the paucity of data to feed evolutionary rescue models and the interaction with other factors (e.g. habitat fragmentation), we still do not know the potential of adaptation to rescue biodiversity from climate change.

生态位模型的结果通常表明在生物多样性丧失方面令人担忧的情况。最近，为改善这些模型所做的持续努力（例如，允许扩散限制）已更新，以包括由于自然选择（在其他情况下不适宜）（在称为进化拯救的过程中）物种持久性的潜力。在这里，我们讨论了将进化救援纳入模型中的主要挑战，该模型评估了全球变化对物种分布的影响。我们还将重点介绍一些替代方法，以通过模拟克服这些挑战。根据目前的可用证据，我们得出结论，进化救援的潜力很低。但是，由于缺乏提供进化救援模型的数据以及与其他因素（例如栖息地破碎化）的相互作用，