Abstract Aims Anthropogenic activities disturb forests and their associated mycorrhizal fungi. The combination of climate change and habitat fragmentation are linked to increased incidence of a canker disease in a Mediterranean-type forest tree in Western Australia. As changes in communities of mycorrhizal fungi could predispose these Mediterranean-type forest trees to decline, we investigated how two aspects of mycorrhizal fungal community structure, soil propagules and resident communities on mature trees, respond to habitat fragmentation. Methods Roots were collected from a forest tree (Corymbia calophylla) across a disturbance gradient. Soil collected from the same disturbance gradient was used in a glasshouse bioassay with C. calophylla as the bioassay host (i.e., soil propagule community). After four months, we harvested the seedlings and collected roots. DNA was extracted from the field roots (resident community) and glasshouse roots (propagule community), amplified with fungal specific primers, labelled with specific barcodes and subjected to 454 pyrosequencing. Results Mycorrhizal fungal community composition overlapped substantially between the soil propagule and resident communities. However, the resident community had greater mycorrhizal fungal richness than the soil propagule community. Habitat fragmentation had a similar effect on each community structure: communities along highly fragmented areas had different community compositions than communities in a healthy forest. Conclusion With the increased mortality of C. calophylla forest trees in recent years along edge habitats, understanding the effects habitat fragmentation has on communities of mycorrhizal fungi will further elucidate host-mutualist interactions in these forest ecosystems. The changes in community composition of mycorrhizal fungal species in both propagule and resident pools can have cascading effects on future tree establishment and health by predisposing forest trees to other abiotic or biotic factors.

中文翻译：

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地中海型森林中的栖息地破碎改变了常驻和繁殖菌根真菌群落

摘要 目的 人为活动扰乱了森林及其相关的菌根真菌。气候变化和栖息地破碎化的结合与西澳大利亚地中海型林木溃疡病发病率的增加有关。由于菌根真菌群落的变化可能导致这些地中海型森林树木的衰退，我们研究了菌根真菌群落结构的两个方面，土壤繁殖体和成熟树上的居民群落，如何对栖息地破碎化做出反应。方法 跨越干扰梯度从林木（Corymbia calophylla）收集根。从相同干扰梯度收集的土壤用于温室生物测定，以 C. calophylla 作为生物测定宿主（即土壤繁殖体群落）。四个月后，我们收获了幼苗并收集了根部。从田间根（常住群落）和温室根（繁殖群）中提取 DNA，用真菌特异性引物扩增，用特定条形码标记并进行 454 焦磷酸测序。结果土壤繁殖体和居民群落之间的菌根真菌群落组成基本重叠。然而，居民社区的菌根真菌丰富度高于土壤繁殖社区。栖息地破碎化对每个群落结构都有类似的影响：高度破碎化地区的群落与健康森林中的群落具有不同的群落组成。结论 近年来，随着边缘生境沿线金缕梅林木死亡率的增加，了解栖息地破碎化对菌根真菌群落的影响将进一步阐明这些森林生态系统中的寄主-互惠关系。通过使林木易受其他非生物或生物因素的影响，繁殖池和常驻池中菌根真菌物种群落组成的变化可以对未来的树木建立和健康产生连锁影响。