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American chestnut soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics: Implications for ecosystem response following restoration
Pedobiologia ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2019.05.003
Geoffrey W. Schwaner , Charlene N. Kelly

Abstract American chestnut (Castenea dentata), once dominant throughout the eastern deciduous forest of North America, was extirpated from its native range by chestnut blight fungus. Through development of blight-resistant trees, the reintroduction of chestnut is likely, though little is known about the biogeochemistry of forests influenced by chestnut. We performed a one-year laboratory incubation experiment with soil and litter from 10-year-old monoculture plantings of pure American chestnut, black cherry, and northern red oak, in addition to a field-based 13C isotopic analysis of soil C. Parameters included litter decomposition, C respiration, N leaching, soil oxidizable C, extracellular enzyme activity related to nutrient acquisition, and litter chemistry. Results indicate that chestnut litter decayed more rapidly than that of oak or cherry (19.0%, 10.8%, 14.1% mass loss in chestnut, oak, and cherry litter, respectively). Chestnut had lower N leaching rates than soils beneath oak or cherry (7.8, 11.5, and 12.0 mg N kg−1 in chestnut, cherry, and oak soils, respectively), greater dissolved organic C (DOC) in leachate than soils influenced by oak (32.2 and 26.4 mg kg−1 in chestnut and oak soil, respectively). No differences in soil respiration or total soil C by species were detected. We conclude that surface soils influenced by chestnut have large inputs of C through rapid litter decomposition and low inorganic N availability, indicating potential for accumulation of C in surface soil over the long-term.

中文翻译:

美国板栗土壤碳和氮动态:恢复后对生态系统响应的影响

摘要 美国板栗 (Castenea dentata) 曾经在北美东部落叶林中占主导地位,但被板栗疫病菌从其原生地灭绝。通过开发抗疫树,可能会重新引入板栗,尽管对受板栗影响的森林的生物地球化学知之甚少。除了对土壤 C 进行实地 13C 同位素分析外,我们还对来自 10 年历史的纯美国板栗、黑樱桃和北方红橡树的单一栽培植物的土壤和凋落物进行了为期一年的实验室孵化实验。 参数包括凋落物分解、碳呼吸、氮淋失、土壤可氧化碳、与养分获取相关的细胞外酶活性和凋落物化学。结果表明,板栗凋落物比橡木或樱桃凋落物腐烂得更快(板栗、橡木和樱桃凋落物的质量损失分别为 19.0%、10.8%、14.1%)。板栗的 N 浸出率低于橡树或樱桃树下的土壤(板栗、樱桃和橡树土壤中分别为 7.8、11.5 和 12.0 mg N kg−1),渗滤液中的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 高于受橡树影响的土壤(板栗和橡木土壤中分别为 32.2 和 26.4 mg kg−1)。没有检测到不同物种的土壤呼吸或土壤总碳存在差异。我们得出的结论是,受板栗影响的表层土壤通过快速凋落物分解和低无机氮可用性输入大量 C,表明长期 C 在表层土壤中积累的潜力。板栗的 N 浸出率低于橡树或樱桃树下的土壤(板栗、樱桃和橡树土壤中分别为 7.8、11.5 和 12.0 mg N kg−1),渗滤液中的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 高于受橡树影响的土壤(板栗和橡木土壤中分别为 32.2 和 26.4 mg kg−1)。没有检测到不同物种的土壤呼吸或土壤总碳存在差异。我们得出的结论是,受板栗影响的表层土壤通过快速凋落物分解和低无机氮可用性输入大量 C,表明长期 C 在表层土壤中积累的潜力。板栗的 N 浸出率低于橡树或樱桃树下的土壤(板栗、樱桃和橡树土壤中分别为 7.8、11.5 和 12.0 mg N kg−1),渗滤液中的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 高于受橡树影响的土壤(板栗和橡木土壤中分别为 32.2 和 26.4 mg kg−1)。没有检测到不同物种的土壤呼吸或土壤总碳存在差异。我们得出的结论是,受板栗影响的表层土壤通过快速凋落物分解和低无机氮可用性输入大量 C,表明长期 C 在表层土壤中积累的潜力。分别)。没有检测到不同物种的土壤呼吸或土壤总碳存在差异。我们得出的结论是,受板栗影响的表层土壤通过快速凋落物分解和低无机氮可用性输入大量 C,表明长期 C 在表层土壤中积累的潜力。分别)。没有检测到不同物种的土壤呼吸或土壤总碳存在差异。我们得出的结论是,受板栗影响的表层土壤通过快速凋落物分解和低无机氮可用性输入大量 C,表明长期 C 在表层土壤中积累的潜力。
更新日期:2019-07-01
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