This work reports the hydrogeochemistry of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea. To understand the seasonal and spatial variability of SGD, groundwater and seawater-based SGD samples were collected in several sites in November 2017, March 2018, May 2018 and July 2018. Additionally, a vertical, one-dimensional, advection-diffusion model was used to estimate SGD in each site. The obtained results ranged from to 1.8 × 10⁻⁷ L cm⁻² s ^− 1 to 2.8 × 10⁻⁷ L cm⁻² s ^− 1 and depended on both: short-timescale factors (wind direction and monthly precipitation) and long-timescale factors (total precipitation and large-scale sea level variations). The calculated rates were further extrapolated to the entire Bay of Puck and ranged from 16.0 m³ s ^− 1 to 127.7 m³ s⁻¹. The estimated SGD fluxes were significantly higher than results including only the freshwater component of SGD. In the Baltic Sea the importance of SGD, as a source of water and accompanying chemical substances, is still neglected, however, the present findings indicate that locally SGD can be higher than rivers runoff.

这项工作报告了波罗的海南部帕克湾的海底地下水排放（SGD）的水文地球化学。为了了解SGD的季节和空间变化，我们于2017年11月，2018年3月，2018年5月和2018年7月在多个地点采集了地下水和海水基SGD样品。此外，还使用了垂直，一维，对流扩散模型估算每个站点的SGD。将得到的结果范围为〜1.8×10 ^-7  1立方厘米^-2小号 ^{-  1}〜2.8×10 ^-7  1立方厘米^{- 2个} 小号 ^{-  1}并且取决于这两个因素：短时尺度因素（风向和月降水量）和长时尺度因素（总降水量和大规模海平面变化）。所计算出的速率进一步外推到冰球的整个湾和介于16.0米³ 小号 ^{-  1}至127.7米³ 小号^-1。估计的SGD通量明显高于仅包含SGD淡水成分的结果。在波罗的海，作为水和伴随化学物质的来源，SGD的重要性仍然被忽略，但是，目前的发现表明，本地SGD可能高于河流径流。