From the archaeological point of view, the local dwarf galaxies are unique objects in which the imprint of the conditions that shaped the early structure formation can be studied today at high resolution. Over the last decade, this new window into the high redshift Universe has started to be exploited using deep wide-field imaging, high resolution spectroscopy and cutting edge N-body and hydro-dynamical simulations. We review the recent advances in the observational studies of the Milky Way dwarf galaxies, with the aim to understand the properties of the population as a whole and to assist an objective comparison between the models and the data.

中文翻译：

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银河考古：幸存和灭亡的矮人

从考古学的角度来看，当地矮星系是独特的物体，今天可以在高分辨率下研究形成早期结构形成的条件的印记。在过去的十年里，这个进入高红移宇宙的新窗口已经开始使用深宽场成像、高分辨率光谱学和尖端的 N 体和流体动力学模拟来开发。我们回顾了银河系矮星系观测研究的最新进展，目的是了解整个种群的特性，并帮助对模型和数据进行客观比较。