There is continuous interest in maximizing the longevity of implantable pacemakers, which are effective in remedying and managing patients with arrhythmic heart disease. This paper accordingly first proposes miniature actuating nanomachines that inter-connect with individual cardiomyocytes and then deeply explores their energy expenditure when performing basic cardiomyocyte stimulation tasks. Since evoked electrical impulses from a number of actuated cardiomyocytes could coordinate contraction throughout the remaining heart muscle and lead to a heart beat, the miniature actuating nanomachines acting synchronously form a conceptual multi-nodal nano-actuator pacemaker network. Rectangular-, sine-, half-sine-, and sawtooth stimulation pulses with varying configurations are considered for actuation of a single isolated in-silico cardiomyocyte by each of the nanomachines. Computer optimization methods with energy consumption as a cost function are utilized to configure preferable stimulation signals in terms of numbers of stimulation sessions/pulses, pulse amplitudes, and duration. In addition, the simulation data are compared with experimental data obtained using in-vitro mouse cardiomyocytes. Among the considered waveforms, half-sine pulses that lead to actuation of a single cardiomyocyte consume minimum energy. None of the used sequences with multiple stimulation pulses reduces the overall energy expenditure of cell stimulation when compared to a single pulse stimulation.

人们一直对最大限度地延长植入式起搏器的使用寿命抱有浓厚的兴趣，这种起搏器可有效地治疗和管理患有心律不齐的心脏病患者。因此，本文首先提出了与单个心肌细胞相互连接的微型致动纳米机器，然后在执行基本的心肌刺激任务时深入探索了它们的能量消耗。由于许多致动的心肌细胞引起的电脉冲可以协调剩余心肌的收缩并导致心跳，因此微型致动纳米机器同步作用，形成了概念上的多节点纳米致动起搏器网络。考虑使用矩形，正弦波，半正弦波和锯齿形刺激脉冲来配置单个隔离脉冲每个纳米机器在硅内使心肌细胞。利用能量消耗作为成本函数的计算机优化方法来根据刺激会话/脉冲的数量，脉冲幅度和持续时间来配置优选的刺激信号。另外，将模拟数据与使用体外小鼠心肌细胞获得的实验数据进行比较。在所考虑的波形中，导致单个心肌细胞启动的半正弦脉冲消耗的能量最小。与单个脉冲刺激相比，没有多个刺激脉冲使用的序列都不会减少细胞刺激的总能量消耗。