In the European Union, there are surveillance systems to detect early appearance of classical swine fever (CSF), bluetongue (BT) and rabies, all notifiable diseases. In this study, we conducted a survey in three European countries, member of SPARE (SPatial Assessments of Risk for Europe) consortium to assess the surveillance systems for CSF, BT and rabies. The elicitation process recruited experts among national institutes in the targeted countries and the questionnaire gathered descriptive information on the surveillance system and evaluation feedbacks against 12 attributes for each surveillance component: timeliness, sensitivity, representativeness, acceptability, flexibility, coverage, costs, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, benefit, communication and dissemination. To express the overall perception of national experts, we calculated the median of the evaluation scores for each evaluation attribute across all components. The implementation of a passive surveillance for domestic and wild pigs for CSF was shared by all countries, although the source of data collection differed for slaughterhouses and farms versus wild environments. For BT, countries adopt different approaches because no surveillance component is common among the targeted countries. For rabies, passive surveillance of wildlife is a common component. The study highlighted differences between the countries in the organisation and design of the surveillance systems even when objective are similar (e.g. early detection) and implemented under the same EU legislative framework. The choice of surveillance components was a multifactorial process influenced by the epidemiological situation of the hazard in the country, national contexts, political dynamics, interests and country sanitary priorities. The different levels of performance of surveillance components reported by the recruited experts are interpreted as a major concern for livestock population, the economy and the public health in EU.

在欧盟，有监视系统来检测早期猪瘟（CSF），蓝舌病（BT）和狂犬病（所有应通报疾病）的出现。在这项研究中，我们在三个欧洲国家SPARE（欧洲风险空间评估）联盟成员中进行了一项调查，以评估对CSF，BT和狂犬病的监视系统。启发过程在目标国家的国家机构中招募了专家，调查表收集了有关监视系统的描述性信息，并针对每个监视组件的12个属性评估了反馈：及时性，敏感性，代表性，可接受性，灵活性，覆盖范围，成本，有效性，效率，影响，利益，沟通和传播。为了表达对本国专家的总体看法，我们计算了所有组件中每个评估属性的评估分数的中位数。尽管屠宰场和农场与野生环境相比数据收集的来源有所不同，但所有国家都对CSF的家猪和野猪进行被动监视。对于英国电信，各国采用不同的方法，因为目标国家之间没有共同的监督组成部分。对于狂犬病，对野生生物的被动监视是常见的组成部分。该研究强调了即使在目标相似（例如早期发现）并且在同一欧盟立法框架下实施的情况下，各国在监视系统的组织和设计上也存在差异。监测组成部分的选择是一个多因素过程，受该国危害的流行病学情况，国家背景，政治动态，利益和国家卫生重点的影响。聘请的专家报告说，监测组成部分绩效的不同水平被解释为欧盟牲畜种群，经济和公共卫生的主要问题。