Abstract Marine calcifying organisms, such as foraminifera, are threatened by the declining pH in the modern ocean. Benthic foraminifera are abundant, widespread and occur in diverse populations in the intertidal environment. However, to date, no studies have been conducted on the response of the intertidal foraminiferal community to pH under laboratory culture experiment. In this study, we cultured the entire foraminiferal community with the natural sediments from the intertidal area of the Yellow Sea at five pH values (8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0 and 6.5, NBS scale). After four months' incubation, all living specimens (stained by rose-Bengal) were picked and identified. A total of 2246 living benthic foraminiferal specimens belonging to 15 species were analyzed, among which 1962 individuals were cultured and 284 ones were sampled before culturing. We calculated the community parameters under different pH, which showed both foraminiferal abundance and species richness decreased with the decline in pH. We analyzed the response of three foraminiferal taxa with different test types (hyaline, porcelaneous and agglutinated). The hyaline (e.g., Ammonia aomoriensis) and porcelaneous (e.g., Quinqueloculina seminula) foraminifera showed significant positive correlation with pH. In contrast, the agglutinated taxa (e.g., Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis) showed significant negative response. For detecting the response of individual species to pH, body size and abnormal morphology of dominant species were measured and analyzed. Morphometric analysis of 1919 specimens showed the maximum length of hyaline and porcelaneous species decreased under low pH treatments (

中文翻译：

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底栖有孔虫对 pH 值变化的响应：来自微观实验的群落结构和形态转化研究

摘要 海洋钙化生物，如有孔虫，受到现代海洋 pH 值下降的威胁。底栖有孔虫在潮间带环境中数量众多，分布广泛，分布在不同的种群中。然而，迄今为止，尚未对潮间带有孔虫群落在实验室培养实验中对 pH 值的反应进行研究。在这项研究中，我们用来自黄海潮间带的天然沉积物在五种 pH 值（8.5、8.0、7.5、7.0 和 6.5，NBS 标度）下培养了整个有孔虫群落。经过四个月的孵化，所有活体标本（被玫瑰红染色）都被挑选出来并进行了鉴定。共分析了15种2246个底栖有孔虫活体标本，其中养殖1962只，养殖前取样284只。我们计算了不同 pH 值下的群落参数，结果表明有孔虫丰度和物种丰富度都随着 pH 值的降低而降低。我们分析了三种不同测试类型（透明、瓷质和凝集）的有孔虫类群的反应。透明（如 Ammonia aomoriensis）和瓷质（如 Quinqueloculina seminula）有孔虫与 pH 值呈显着正相关。相比之下，凝集类群（例如，Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis）表现出显着的阴性反应。为了检测单个物种对 pH 值的反应，测量和分析了优势物种的体型大小和异常形态。1919 个标本的形态测量分析表明，在低 pH 值处理下，透明和瓷质物种的最大长度减少了。