Industry 4.0 and its main enabling information and communication technologies are completely changing both services and production worlds. This is especially true for the health domain, where the Internet of Things, Cloud and Fog Computing, and Big Data technologies are revolutionizing eHealth and its whole ecosystem, moving it towards Healthcare 4.0. By selectively analyzing the literature, we systematically survey how the adoption of the above-mentioned Industry 4.0 technologies (and their integration) applied to the health domain is changing the way to provide traditional services and products. In this paper, we provide (i) a description of the main technologies and paradigms in relation to Healthcare 4.0 and discuss (ii) their main application scenarios; we then provide an analysis of (iii) carried benefits and (iv) novel cross-disciplinary challenges; finally, we extract (v) the lessons learned.

工业4.0及其主要的支持性信息和通信技术正在完全改变服务和生产领域。对于卫生领域尤其如此，在该领域，物联网，云计算和雾计算以及大数据技术正在彻底改变eHealth及其整个生态系统，使其朝着Healthcare 4.0迈进。通过选择性地分析文献，我们系统地调查了将上述工业4.0技术（及其集成）应用于健康领域的方式正在改变提供传统服务和产品的方式。在本文中，我们提供（i）与医疗保健4.0相关的主要技术和范例的描述，并讨论（ii）它们的主要应用场景; 然后，我们对（iii）附带利益和（iv）新型跨学科挑战进行了分析；最后，我们提取（v）经验教训。