Human beings have been benefiting from geothermal energy for different uses since the dawn of civilization in many parts of the world. One of the earliest uses of geothermal energy was for heating and it was used extensively by Romans in Turkey. The Aegean region is favored with a large number of thermal springs known since ancient times. However, it was in the twentieth century that geothermal energy was first used on a large scale for direct use applications and electricity generation. The country’s installed heat capacity is 3322.3 MW_t for direct use and 1347 MW_e for power production. Also, many drilled wells to extract oil or natural gas were abandoned for various reasons in the southeast of Turkey. Some of the oil fields have heat content that can be used for geothermal energy. Some even have hot fluid in the reservoir. This paper presents an investigation into how to use geothermal energy in abandoned oil and natural gas wells. Methods used to generate geothermal energy from abandoned oil fields other than conventional geothermal energy production are examined. Downhole heat exchangers can be used to extract heat without producing geothermal fluid which decrease gas emissions to the atmosphere and energy need for reinjection, from the abandoned oil wells to generate electricity or direct use applications. Using this method, it is possible to use abandoned wells in southeastern Turkey where this energy improves the economy of the region.

中文翻译：

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土耳其地热系统中废弃油井的使用

自世界许多地方文明诞生以来，人类就一直在从地热能中受益匪浅。地热能的最早用途之一是用于取暖，在土耳其的罗马人中广泛使用。自古以来，爱琴海地区就拥有大量已知的温泉。但是，到了20世纪，地热能才首次被大规模用于直接使用和发电。该国直接安装的装机容量为3322.3 MW _t，_e的装机容量为1347 MW _e用于发电。另外，由于各种原因，土耳其东南部放弃了许多开采石油或天然气的钻井。一些油田的热量可用于地热能。有些甚至在容器中有热流体。本文对如何在废弃的石油和天然气井中利用地热能进行了研究。除了传统的地热能生产以外，还研究了从废弃油田产生地热能的方法。井下热交换器可用于提取热量，而不会产生地热流体，从而减少了从废弃的油井中向大气排放的气体和重新注入所需的能源，从而可以发电或直接使用。使用这种方法