Abstract Sublethal injuries, the effects of which are seen as regeneration patterns, are described from Late Bajocian and Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ammonites from Poland (Polish Jura area) for the first time. The total number of ammonite shells bearing signs of sublethal injuries is small (only 11 specimens, which constitute ∼1.2% of all ammonites investigated), and this value is even smaller (∼0.3 to 0.8%) when analysing a large sample of a particular ammonite species. Specimens under consideration represent ten species, belonging to six genera and five families. All the healed injuries are represented by only one type, referred to as the ‘forma verticata’ of Holder . This type of regeneration, very common in ammonite shells in general, is an effect of a puncture injury of the shell-secreting mantle-epithelia at the apertural margin. Although many different extrinsic (mechanical) factors may be responsible for such healed injuries, here it is most plausible they are an effect of either competitive or predatory activities. Other causes, like collision of the ammonite shells with the substrate in a high-energy environment, are excluded because the sea-bottom was soft and situated below the storm wave-base. From many potential predators inhabiting the Polish Basin during the Bajocian and Bathonian, the most likely to have caused these injuries are other ammonites, belemnites and nautiloids. Crabs, which are cited in the literature as a probable perpetrator of the ‘forma verticata’ injuries, appear unlikely here, as the ammonites under discussion were not purely benthic.

中文翻译：

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来自波兰的中侏罗世菊石贝壳的亚致命伤害

摘要 首次描述了来自波兰（波兰侏罗地区）的晚巴约阶和巴松阶（中侏罗纪）菊石的亚致死损伤，其影响被视为再生模式。带有亚致死损伤迹象的菊石壳总数很少（只有 11 个样本，占所有调查的菊石的 1.2%），在分析特定的大样本时，该值甚至更小（约 0.3 至 0.8%）。菊石种。正在考虑的标本代表十个物种，属于六个属和五个科。所有愈合的伤口都只代表一种类型，称为Holder的'forma verticata'。这种类型的再生，一般在菊石壳中很常见，是穿孔边缘分泌壳的地幔上皮的穿刺损伤的结果。尽管许多不同的外在（机械）因素可能是造成这种愈合伤害的原因，但在这里最有可能的是竞争或掠夺性活动的影响。其他原因，如菊石壳在高能环境中与基底的碰撞，被排除在外，因为海底柔软且位于风暴波基下方。在巴约西亚和巴松时期居住在波兰盆地的许多潜在捕食者中，最有可能造成这些伤害的是其他菊石、箭石和鹦鹉螺。螃蟹在文献中被引用为“forma verticata”伤害的可能肇事者，在这里似乎不太可能，因为所讨论的菊石并不是纯粹的底栖动物。在这里，它们最有可能是竞争或掠夺性活动的结果。其他原因，如菊石壳在高能环境中与基底的碰撞，被排除在外，因为海底柔软且位于风暴波基下方。在巴约西亚和巴松时期居住在波兰盆地的许多潜在捕食者中，最有可能造成这些伤害的是其他菊石、箭石和鹦鹉螺。螃蟹在文献中被引用为“forma verticata”伤害的可能肇事者，在这里似乎不太可能，因为所讨论的菊石并不是纯粹的底栖动物。在这里，它们最有可能是竞争或掠夺性活动的结果。其他原因，如菊石壳在高能环境中与基底的碰撞，被排除在外，因为海底柔软且位于风暴波基下方。在巴约西亚和巴松时期居住在波兰盆地的许多潜在捕食者中，最有可能造成这些伤害的是其他菊石、箭石和鹦鹉螺。螃蟹在文献中被引用为“forma verticata”伤害的可能肇事者，在这里似乎不太可能，因为所讨论的菊石并不是纯粹的底栖动物。被排除在外，因为海底柔软且位于风暴波基下方。在巴约西亚和巴松时期居住在波兰盆地的许多潜在捕食者中，最有可能造成这些伤害的是其他菊石、箭石和鹦鹉螺。螃蟹在文献中被引用为“forma verticata”伤害的可能肇事者，在这里似乎不太可能，因为所讨论的菊石并不是纯粹的底栖动物。被排除在外，因为海底柔软且位于风暴波基下方。在巴约西亚和巴松时期居住在波兰盆地的许多潜在捕食者中，最有可能造成这些伤害的是其他菊石、箭石和鹦鹉螺。螃蟹在文献中被引用为“forma verticata”伤害的可能肇事者，在这里似乎不太可能，因为所讨论的菊石并不是纯粹的底栖动物。