Abstract Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood. The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined. Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction. The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.

中文翻译：

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由气旋表面应力扰动产生海洋内部重力波

摘要 具有强风的大气气旋显着影响全球海洋的海洋环流、区域海面温度和深水形成。因此，它们有望在各种能量传输机制中发挥关键作用。尽管人们认为风产生的内部重力波对深海的能量平衡有显着贡献，但人们对它们的激发机制只有部分了解。本研究调查了在轴对称几何的 Boussinesq 模型中地转调整过程中内部重力波的产生。大气扰动由具有兰金涡旋结构的气旋风应力的理想脉冲设置。强制的强度、半径和持续时间是不同的。还研究了具有可变混合层深度的分层对波浪产生的影响。结果表明内部重力波是在大约一个惯性周期后产生的。向外的径向能量通量由结构接近垂直模式 1 且频率接近惯性频率的波主导。观测到在风暴下方靠近海底的地方产生了能量较低的高模波。总辐射能量相当于风输入的大约 0.02%。更深的混合层条件以及较弱的分层会降低这一比例。低能量传输率表明驱动垂直运动的其他过程，如表面热通量、湍流运动、