Retrotransposon activity and genomic template stability (GTS) are one of the most significant rearranging mechanisms in environmental stress. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to elucidate effecting of Cobalt (Co) on the instability of genomes and Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposon polymorphism in Zea mays and whether humic acid (HA) has any role on these parameters. For this purpose, Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) and Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers were applied to evaluate retrotransposon polymorphism and the GTS levels. It was found that IRAP and REMAP primers generate unique polymorphic band structures on maize plants treated with various doses of Co. Retrotransposon polymorphism increased and GTS decreased while increasing Co concentration. On the other hand, there was a reduction in negative effects of Co on retrotransposon GTS and polymorphism after treatment with HA. The results indicate that HA may be used effectively for the protection of maize seedlings from the destructive effects of Co toxicity.

中文翻译：

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钴诱导的反转录转座子多态性和腐殖酸对玉米基因组的保护

逆转录转座子活性和基因组模板稳定性（GTS）是环境胁迫中最重要的重排机制之一。因此，本研究旨在阐明钴（Co）对玉米基因组不稳定性和长末端重复反转录转座子多态性的影响。以及腐植酸 (HA) 是否对这些参数有任何影响。为此，应用反转录转座子-微卫星扩增多态性 (REMAP) 和反转录转座子间扩增多态性 (IRAP) 标记来评估反转录转座子多态性和 GTS 水平。发现IRAP和REMAP引物在不同剂量Co处理的玉米植株上产生独特的多态带结构。随着Co浓度的增加，反转录转座子多态性增加，GTS减少。另一方面，在用 HA 处理后，Co 对反转录转座子 GTS 和多态性的负面影响有所降低。结果表明HA可有效用于保护玉米幼苗免受Co毒性的破坏作用。