Abstract Because cities concentrate 50% of the world’s population, and are experiencing a re-emergence of urban agriculture, we investigated the influences of urban agriculture and surrounding natural areas on floral visitors (bees, wasps, butterflies and flies) and plant species in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico. Throughout the frost, dry and rainy seasons of 2015, we sampled floral visitors in nine urban gardens and nine natural areas. We found 210 floral visitor species: 78% pollinators, 18% predators, and 4% florivores. Rarefaction curves showed that natural areas harbor significantly more floral visitor species (148) than home gardens (132). However, the differences in species composition between habitats and seasons highlight the need to view natural areas and home gardens as complementary habitats with which floral visitors interact in varying ways, during successive seasons, to meet different needs. Furthermore, mean species richness of floral visitors was influenced mainly by seasonality, and increased as seasons progressed from the dry, frost season to the rainy season. Nonetheless, some taxa were influenced by both season and habitat type. Floral visitor abundance was influenced by both habitat type and season, with home gardens showing higher abundance across seasons. Moreover, interaction networks for each season were more asymmetric in natural areas than in home gardens. Urban cover in the surrounding landscape influenced in a quadratic way the species number of floral visitors, but not their abundance. Thus, our results are evidence that natural areas surrounding cities and urban agriculture contribute to floral visitor communities and their networks.

中文翻译：

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城市花园和自然区域的花卉游客：新热带城市景观中的多样性和互动网络

摘要 由于城市集中了世界 50% 的人口，并且正在经历都市农业的重新兴起，我们调查了都市农业和周边自然区域对圣城花卉游客（蜜蜂、黄蜂、蝴蝶和苍蝇）和植物物种的影响。 Cristobal de Las Casas，墨西哥。在整个 2015 年的霜冻、旱季和雨季，我们在九个城市花园和九个自然区域对花卉游客进行了抽样调查。我们发现了 210 种花卉访客：78% 的传粉者、18% 的食肉动物和 4% 的食花动物。稀疏曲线表明，自然区域的花卉访客种类（148）明显多于家庭花园（132）。然而，栖息地和季节之间物种组成的差异突出了将自然区域和家庭花园视为互补栖息地的必要性，花卉游客在连续的季节以不同的方式与之互动，以满足不同的需求。此外，花卉游客的平均物种丰富度主要受季节性影响，并随着季节从旱、霜季到雨季的进展而增加。尽管如此，一些分类群受到季节和栖息地类型的影响。花卉游客丰度受栖息地类型和季节的影响，家庭花园跨季节显示出更高的丰度。此外，与家庭花园相比，自然区域每个季节的交互网络更加不对称。周围景观中的城市覆盖以二次方方式影响花卉游客的物种数量，但不是他们的丰富。因此，我们的结果证明城市周围的自然区域和都市农业有助于花卉游客社区及其网络。