A major challenge in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the limited number of bioinks that fulfill the physicochemical requirements of printing while also providing a desirable environment for encapsulated cells. Here, we address this limitation by temporarily stabilizing bioinks with a complementary thermo-reversible gelatin network. This strategy enables the effective printing of biomaterials that would typically not meet printing requirements, with instrument parameters and structural output largely independent of the base biomaterial. This approach is demonstrated across a library of photocrosslinkable bioinks derived from natural and synthetic polymers, including gelatin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, alginate, chitosan, heparin, and poly(ethylene glycol). A range of complex and heterogeneous structures are printed, including soft hydrogel constructs supporting the 3D culture of astrocytes. This highly generalizable methodology expands the palette of available bioinks, allowing the biofabrication of constructs optimized to meet the biological requirements of cell culture and tissue engineering.

三维（3D）生物打印的一个主要挑战是满足打印物理化学要求同时为封装细胞提供理想环境的生物墨水数量有限。在这里，我们通过使用互补的热可逆明胶网络暂时稳定生物墨水来解决这一限制。这种策略能够有效打印通常无法满足打印要求的生物材料，仪器参数和结构输出很大程度上独立于基础生物材料。这种方法在源自天然和合成聚合物的可光交联生物墨水库中得到了证明，这些聚合物包括明胶、透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、葡聚糖、海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、肝素和聚乙二醇。打印了一系列复杂且异质的结构，包括支持星形胶质细胞 3D 培养的软水凝胶结构。这种高度通用的方法扩展了可用生物墨水的范围，允许优化生物制造以满足细胞培养和组织工程的生物学要求。