The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is quickly spreading all over the world. This virus, which is called SARS-CoV-2, has infected tens of thousands of people. Based on symptoms, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness is responsible for highly homogenous coronaviruses as well as other pathogens. Evidence suggests that high inflammation rates, oxidation, and overwhelming immune response probably contribute to pathology of COVID-19. COVID-19 causes cytokine storm, which subsequently leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often ending up in the death of patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells that are recognized via self-renewal capacity, generation of clonal populations, and multilineage differentiation. MSCs are present in nearly all tissues of the body, playing an essential role in repair and generation of tissues. Furthermore, MSCs have broad immunoregulatory properties through the interaction of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of many effector activities. MSCs can reduce the cytokine storm produced by coronavirus infection. In a number of studies, the administration of these cells has been beneficial for COVID-19 patients. Also, MSCs may be able to improve pulmonary fibrosis and lung function. In this review, we will review the newest research findings regarding MSC-based immunomodulation in patients with COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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间充质基质细胞在 COVID-19 免疫调节中的作用：关注细胞因子风暴。

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行的爆发正在世界各地迅速蔓延。这种病毒被称为 SARS-CoV-2，已感染数万人。根据症状，急性呼吸道疾病的发病机制是由高度同质的冠状病毒以及其他病原体引起的。有证据表明，高炎症率、氧化和压倒性的免疫反应可能导致了 COVID-19 的病理学变化。COVID-19 会引起细胞因子风暴，进而导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)，通常最终导致患者死亡。间充质干细胞 (MSC) 是多能干细胞，可通过自我更新能力、克隆群体的产生和多谱系分化来识别。间充质干细胞几乎存在于身体的所有组织中，在组织的修复和生成中发挥着重要作用。此外，间充质干细胞通过先天性和适应性免疫系统中免疫细胞的相互作用而具有广泛的免疫调节特性，从而导致许多效应活性的免疫抑制。间充质干细胞可以减少冠状病毒感染产生的细胞因子风暴。在许多研究中，这些细胞的施用对 COVID-19 患者有益。此外，间充质干细胞可能能够改善肺纤维化和肺功能。在这篇综述中，我们将回顾有关 COVID-19 患者基于 MSC 的免疫调节的最新研究结果。