Background ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined, ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 typically developing controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within the different subtypes of ADHD. Results In comparison with the TD-C group, the ADHD-C group showed clusters of decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0011) of the dorsal attention network (DAN), supplementary motor area (p = 0.0036) of the executive control network (ECN), left supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.0081) of the salience network (SN), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0041), and superior medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.0055) of the default mode network (DMN), while the ADHD-I group showed decreased functional connectivity in the right superior parietal gyrus (p = 0.0017) of the DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0105) of the DMN. In comparison with the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0062) of the AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0016) of the DAN, and the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.0082) of the DMN. All the clusters surviving at p < 0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

中文翻译：

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独立成分分析揭示 ADHD 患者静息状态网络中的异常功能连接

背景 ADHD 是儿童和青少年中最常见的精神障碍之一。改变的功能连接与 ADHD 症状有关。本研究旨在调查不同亚型 ADHD 青少年患者静息态脑网络 (RSN) 功能连接的异常变化。方法 数据来自 ADHD-200 全球竞赛，包括 88 名 ADHD 患者（56 名 ADHD-Combined、ADHD-C 和 32 名 ADHD-Inattentive、ADHD-I 患者）和 67 名典型发育对照（TD -C）。ICA 组用于研究 ADHD 不同亚型内的异常大脑功能连接。结果 与 TD-C 组相比，ADHD-C 组显示左侧枕下回功能连接性降低的簇（p = 0. 0041) 和背侧注意网络 (DAN) 的右侧枕上回 (p = 0.0011)、执行控制网络 (ECN) 的辅助运动区 (p = 0.0036)、显着性网络的左侧缘上回 (p = 0.0081) (SN)、颞中回 (p = 0.0041) 和默认模式网络 (DMN) 的内侧额上回 (p = 0.0055)，而 ADHD-I 组显示右侧顶上回的功能连通性降低 (p = 0.0017) 的 DAN 和 DMN 的左侧颞中回 (p = 0.0105)。与 ADHD-I 组相比，ADHD-C 组显示 AN 颞上回 (p = 0.0062)、DAN 颞下回 (p = 0.0016) 和背外侧额上回的功能连接性降低(p = 0.0082) 的 DMN。所有集群都在 p < 0 时幸存下来。05（AlphaSim 校正）。结论 结果表明，DMN 和 DAN 内功能连接的减少至少部分是 ADHD-I 患者注意力不集中症状的原因。同样，我们认为网络内受损的功能连接可能导致 ADHD-C 患者的表现，包括注意力不集中、多动/冲动和无意识运动。