Over the past decade, it has been well established that tumorigenesis is affected by chronic inflammation. During this event, proinflammatory cytokines are produced by numerous types of cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, and are able to promote the initiation, progression, and metastasis of different types of cancer. When persistent inflammation occurs, activation of inflammasome complexes is initiated, leading to its assembly and further activation of caspase, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis induction. The function of this multiprotein complex is not only to reassure inflammation and to promote cell death, through caspase activity, but also has been identified to have significant contributions during tumorigenesis and cancer development. So far, many efforts have been made in order to extend the knowledge of inflammasome implications and how its components could be targeted as therapeutic agents. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs), evolutionary conserved noncoding molecules, have emerged as pivotal players during numerous biological events by regulating gene and protein expression. Therefore, dysregulations of miRNA expressions have been correlated with inflammation during tumor development. In this review, we aim to highlight the dual role of inflammasomes and proinflammatory cytokines during carcinogenesis paired with the distinguished effects of miRNAs upon inflammation cascades during tumor growth and progression.

中文翻译：

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炎症和炎症小体：肿瘤发生中的利弊


在过去的十年中，人们已经确定肿瘤发生受到慢性炎症的影响。在此过程中，多种类型的细胞（如成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、巨噬细胞和肿瘤细胞）产生促炎细胞因子，并且能够促进不同类型癌症的发生、进展和转移。当持续炎症发生时，炎症小体复合物被激活，导致其组装并进一步激活半胱天冬酶，产生促炎细胞因子，并诱导细胞焦亡。这种多蛋白复合物的功能不仅是通过半胱天冬酶活性来缓解炎症和促进细胞死亡，而且还被认为在肿瘤发生和癌症发展过程中具有重要作用。到目前为止，为了扩展对炎性体影响及其成分如何作为治疗剂的认识，人们已经做出了许多努力。此外，microRNA (miRNA) 是一种进化保守的非编码分子，通过调节基因和蛋白质表达，已成为众多生物事件中的关键参与者。因此，miRNA 表达失调与肿瘤发展过程中的炎症相关。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是强调炎症小体和促炎细胞因子在致癌过程中的双重作用，以及 miRNA 对肿瘤生长和进展过程中炎症级联反应的显着影响。