As the most common type of cancer in the world, hematological malignancies (HM) account for 10% of all annual cancer deaths and have attracted more attention. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), could relieve patients suffering HM. However, serious side effects and high costs bring patients both physical complaints and mental pressure. Recently, compared with conventional therapeutic strategies for HM patients, antibody-based immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapies, monoclonal antibody treatments, and CAR-T cell therapies, have displayed longer survival time and fewer adverse reactions, even though specific efficacy and safety of these antibody-based immunotherapies still need to be evaluated and improved. This review summarized the advantages of antibody-based immunotherapies over conventional treatments, as well as its existing difficulties and solutions, thereby enhancing the understanding and applications of antibody-based immunotherapies in HM treatment.

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基于抗体的免疫疗法对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗

作为世界上最常见的癌症，血液恶性肿瘤（HM）占所有年度癌症死亡人数的10％，并且引起了更多关注。常规疗法，例如化学疗法，放射疗法和造血干细胞移植（HSCT），可以减轻患有HM的患者。但是，严重的副作用和高昂的费用给患者带来了身体不适和精神压力。近来，与针对HM患者的常规治疗策略相比，基于抗体的免疫疗法，包括癌症疫苗，溶瘤病毒疗法，单克隆抗体疗法和CAR-T细胞疗法，尽管具有特定的疗效和特异性，但仍具有更长的生存时间和更少的不良反应。这些基于抗体的免疫疗法的安全性仍然需要评估和改进。