The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been measuring fluxes of the Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) using the IBEX-Hi (0.3 -- 6 keV) instrument since 2008. We have developed a numerical time-depended code to calculate globally distributed flux (GDF) of hydrogen ENAs employing both 1) 3D kinetic-MHD model of the global heliosphere and 2) reconstruction of atom trajectories from 1 au, where they are observed by IBEX, to the point of their origin in the inner heliosheath (IHS). The key factor in the simulation is a detailed kinetic consideration of the pickup ions (PUIs), the supra-thermal component of protons in the heliosphere, which is "parental" to the ENAs and originates in the region of the supersonic solar wind being picked by the heliospheric magnetic field. As a result of our study, we have concluded that (1) the developed model is able to reproduce the geometry of the multi-lobe structure seen in the IBEX-Hi GDF maps, (2) the GDF is extremely sensitive to the form of the velocity distribution function of PUIs in the IHS, and the accounting for the existence of an additional energetic population of PUIs is essential to explain the data, (3) despite a relatively good agreement, there are some quantitative differences between the model calculations and IBEX-Hi data. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

中文翻译：

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日光层高能中性原子：非平稳建模以及与 IBEX-Hi 数据的比较

自 2008 年以来，星际边界探测器 (IBEX) 一直使用 IBEX-Hi (0.3 - 6 keV) 仪器测量高能中性原子 (ENA) 的通量。我们开发了一个数值时间相关的代码来计算全球分布的通量（ GDF) 的氢 ENA，同时采用 1) 全球日光层的 3D 动力学 MHD 模型和 2) 重建从 1 au 到它们在内部日鞘 (IHS) 中观察到的 1 au 的原子轨迹。模拟中的关键因素是对拾取离子 (PUIs) 的详细动力学考虑，这是日球层中质子的超热成分，它是 ENA 的“母体”，起源于被拾取的超音速太阳风区域通过日光层磁场。根据我们的研究，我们得出的结论是：（1）开发的模型能够再现在 IBEX-Hi GDF 图中看到的多叶结构的几何形状，（2）GDF 对 PUI 的速度分布函数形式非常敏感IHS，并且考虑到存在额外的 PUI 能量群对于解释数据至关重要，(3) 尽管一致性相对较好，但模型计算和 IBEX-Hi 数据之间存在一些定量差异。讨论了这些差异的可能原因。并且考虑到存在额外的 PUI 能量群对于解释数据至关重要，(3) 尽管一致性相对较好，但模型计算和 IBEX-Hi 数据之间存在一些定量差异。讨论了这些差异的可能原因。并且考虑到存在额外的 PUI 能量群对于解释数据至关重要，(3) 尽管一致性相对较好，但模型计算和 IBEX-Hi 数据之间存在一些定量差异。讨论了这些差异的可能原因。