Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are two key molecules in plant cells that participate, directly or indirectly, as regulators of protein functions through derived post-translational modifications, mainly tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation. These post-translational modifications allow the participation of both NO and H₂S signal molecules in a wide range of cellular processes either physiological or under stressful circumstances. NADPH participates in cellular redox status and it is a key cofactor necessary for cell growth and development. It is involved in significant biochemical routes such as fatty acid, carotenoid and proline biosynthesis, and the shikimate pathway, as well as in cellular detoxification processes including the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR), or the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Plant cells have diverse mechanisms to generate NADPH by a group of NADP-dependent oxidoreductases including ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), and both enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, designated as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These enzymes consist of different isozymes located in diverse subcellular compartments (chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) which contribute to the NAPDH cellular pool. We provide a comprehensive overview of how post-translational modifications promoted by NO (tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation), H₂S (persulfidation), and glutathione (glutathionylation), affect the cellular redox status through regulation of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.

中文翻译：

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一氧化氮和硫化氢调节高等植物中产生NADPH的酶系统

摘要

一氧化氮 (NO) 和硫化氢 (H _{2 S) 是植物细胞中的两个关键分子，它们通过衍生的翻译后修饰（主要是酪氨酸硝化、} S-亚硝化和过硫化）直接或间接地作为蛋白质功能的调节剂参与。这些翻译后修饰允许 NO 和 H _2参与S 信号分子在生理或压力环境下的各种细胞过程中。NADPH 参与细胞氧化还原状态，是细胞生长和发育所必需的关键辅助因子。它参与重要的生化途径，如脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素和脯氨酸的生物合成，以及莽草酸途径，以及细胞解毒过程，包括抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环、NADPH 依赖性硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (NTR) 或超氧化物-产生 NADPH 氧化酶。植物细胞具有多种机制通过一组 NADP 依赖性氧化还原酶产生 NADPH，包括铁氧还蛋白-NADP 还原酶 (FNR)、NADP-甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 (NADP-GAPDH)、NADP 依赖性苹果酸酶 (NADP-ME)、 NADP依赖性异柠檬酸脱氢酶（NADP-ICDH），以及氧化戊糖磷酸途径的两种酶，称为葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶（6PGDH）。这些酶由位于不同亚细胞区室（叶绿体、胞质溶胶、线粒体和过氧化物酶体）中的不同同工酶组成，它们有助于 NAPDH 细胞池。我们全面概述了 NO（酪氨酸硝化和S-亚硝化）、H ₂ S（过硫化）和谷胱甘肽（谷胱甘肽化）通过调节 NADP 依赖性脱氢酶影响细胞氧化还原状态。