ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance in the environmental dimension is one of the greatest challenges and emerging threats. The presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment, especially in aquatic systems, has been a matter of growing concern in the past decade. Monitoring the presence of antimicrobial resistance species, in this particular case, Staphylococcus spp., in natural water environments could lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology of staphylococci infections. Thus, the investigation of natural waters as a potential reservoir and vehicle for transmission of these bacteria is imperative. Only a few studies have investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of staphylococci in natural waters. Those studies reported a high diversity of staphylococci species and lineages in surface waters. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were relatively prevalent in surface waters and, as expected, often presented a multidrug-resistant profile. There was a high diversity of S. aureus lineages in surface waters. The presence of S. aureus CC8 and CC5 suggests a human origin. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most frequently found in natural waters was S. warneri and S. epidermidis. These studies are extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of pathogenic bacteria.

中文翻译：

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环境葡萄球菌的多样性和遗传谱系：地表水概述。

摘要

在环境方面，抗菌素耐药性是最大的挑战和新出现的威胁之一。在过去的十年中，环境中，尤其是在水生系统中，耐药细菌和耐药基因的存在已引起越来越多的关注。监测抗菌素耐药性物种（在此特定情况下为葡萄球菌）的存在例如，在自然水环境中，可以更好地了解葡萄球菌感染的流行病学。因此，必须研究天然水作为这些细菌传播的潜在库和媒介。只有很少的研究调查了天然水中葡萄球菌的流行，抗药性和遗传谱系。这些研究报告了地表水中葡萄球菌种类和谱系的高度多样性。耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌在地表水中相对普遍，并且正如预期的那样，经常表现出多药耐药性。地表水中金黄色葡萄球菌谱系的多样性很高。金黄色葡萄球菌的存在CC8和CC5暗示着人类起源。在凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中，最常见于自然水域的是华氏链球菌和表皮葡萄球菌。这些研究对于评估水生环境在致病细菌传播中的贡献非常重要。