Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In response to Aβ and tau aggregates, microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), facilitate Aβ and tau clearance and contribute to neuroinflammation that damages neurons. Microglia also perform a wide range of other functions, e.g., synaptic pruning, within the CNS that require a large amount of energy. Glucose appears to be the primary energy source, but microglia can utilize several other substrates for energy production including other sugars and ketone bodies. Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in the metabolic profiles of immune cells, including macrophages, are important in controlling their activation and effector functions. Additional studies have focused on the role of metabolism in neuron and astrocyte function while until recently microglia metabolism has been considerably less well understood. Considering many neurological disorders, such as neurodegeneration associated with AD, are associated with chronic inflammation and alterations in brain energy metabolism, it is hypothesized that microglial metabolism plays a significant role in the inflammatory responses of microglia during neurodegeneration. Here, we review the role of microglial immunometabolism in AD.

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征在于淀粉样β（Aβ）斑块和由高磷酸化tau组成的神经原纤维缠结（NFT）的形成。作为对Aβ和tau聚集体的反应，小胶质细胞（中枢神经系统（CNS）的主要先天免疫细胞）促进Aβ和tau清除并促进损害神经元的神经炎症。小胶质细胞还执行需要大量能量的中枢神经系统内的其他功能，例如突触修剪。葡萄糖似乎是主要的能源，但是小胶质细胞可以利用其他几种底物来生产能量，包括其他糖和酮体。最近的研究表明，免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞）的代谢模式发生了变化，在控制其激活和效应子功能方面很重要。其他研究集中在新陈代谢在神经元和星形胶质细胞功能中的作用，而直到最近，对小胶质细胞新陈代谢的了解还很少。考虑到许多神经系统疾病，例如与AD相关的神经退行性变与慢性炎症和脑能量代谢的改变有关，因此假设小神经胶质代谢在神经退行性变过程中在小胶质细胞的炎症反应中起重要作用。在这里，我们审查小胶质细胞免疫代谢在AD中的作用。例如与AD相关的神经退行性变与慢性炎症和脑能量代谢的改变有关，据推测在神经退行性变过程中小胶质细胞代谢在小胶质细胞的炎症反应中起重要作用。在这里，我们审查小胶质细胞免疫代谢在AD中的作用。例如与AD相关的神经退行性变与慢性炎症和脑能量代谢的改变有关，据推测在神经退行性变过程中小胶质细胞代谢在小胶质细胞的炎症反应中起重要作用。在这里，我们审查小胶质细胞免疫代谢在AD中的作用。