Conventional biorefinery processes are complex, engineered and energy-intensive, where biomass fractionation, a key functional step for the production of biomass-derived chemical substances, demands industrial organic solvents and harsh, environmentally harmful reaction conditions. There is a timely, clear and unmet economic need for a systematic, robust and affordable conversion method technology to become greener, sustainable and cost-effective. In this perspective, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been envisaged as the most advanced novel polar liquids that are entirely made of natural, molecular compounds that are capable of an association via hydrogen bonding interactions. DES has quickly emerged in various application functions thanks to a formulations’ simple preparation. These molecules themselves are biobased, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly. The present experimental review is providing the state of the art topical overview of trends regarding the employment of DESs in investigated biorefinery-related techniques. This review covers DESs for lignocellulosic component isolation, applications as (co)catalysts and their functionality range in biocatalysis. Furthermore, a special section of the DESs recyclability is included. For DESs to unlock numerous new (reactive) possibilities in future biorefineries, the critical estimation of its complexity in the reaction, separation, or fractionation medium should be addressed more in future studies.

中文翻译：

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应用（天然）深共熔溶剂（DESs）进行分离，催化和酶促生物转化过程的可持续木质纤维素生物精制综述

常规的生物精炼过程复杂，工程化且耗费能源，生物质分馏是生产生物质衍生化学物质的关键功能步骤，需要工业有机溶剂和苛刻的，对环境有害的反应条件。迫切需要及时，明确和未满足的经济需求，以使系统的，稳健的和负担得起的转换方法技术变得更加绿色，可持续和具有成本效益。从这个角度来看，深共熔溶剂（DES）被认为是最先进的新型极性液体，完全由天然的分子化合物制成，能够通过氢键相互作用。得益于配方的简单准备，DES已迅速出现在各种应用功能中。这些分子本身是生物基的，可再生的，可生物降解的和生态友好的。本实验综述提供了有关在研究的生物精炼相关技术中使用DES的趋势的最新主题概述。这篇综述涵盖了用于木质纤维素成分分离的DES，作为（助）催化剂的应用及其在生物催化中的功能范围。此外，还包括DESs可回收性的特殊部分。为了使DES在未来的生物精炼厂中释放出许多新的（反应性）可能性，在未来的研究中应更多地关注其在反应，分离或分馏介质中的复杂性的关键估计。