Solid fertilizers, which have a low operating cost, are widely applied in Chinese crop fields. In order to distribute solid fertilizer through fertigation, an innovative device with a simple structure was designed, which can feed, dissolve, and distribute fertilizer simultaneously. The parameters of the outlet pipe and fertilizer-feeding component were designed, and a preliminary equation for calculating the fertilizer-feeding flowrate was established. Then experiments were conducted to optimize the established equation. Obtained results showed that the deviation between the measured and the calculated feeding flowrate through the optimized equation was about 5%. This ensured that the fertilizer-feeding flowrate can be adjusted accurately. Experiments were also conducted to explore the effect of the working parameters on the fertilization uniformity of the designed device. It was found that as the fertilization time and inlet water flowrate increases, the fertilization uniformity increases but fertilizer concentration decreases. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the designed fertigation device outperforms the conventional pressure differential tank that is normally applied to distribute solid fertilizers.

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一种施肥装置的设计、开发及性能评价

固体肥料运行成本低，在我国农作物领域得到广泛应用。为了通过施肥施肥，设计了一种结构简单的创新装置，可以同时施肥、溶解和施肥。设计了出水管和给肥组件的参数，建立了给肥流量的初步计算公式。然后进行实验以优化建立的方程。得到的结果表明，通过优化方程测得的进料流量与计算出的进料流量之间的偏差约为5%。这确保了施肥流量可以精确调整。还进行了实验以探索工作参数对设计装置的施肥均匀性的影响。结果表明，随着施肥时间和进水流量的增加，施肥均匀度增加，但肥料浓度降低。根据获得的结果，可以得出结论，设计的灌溉施肥装置优于通常用于分配固体肥料的传统压差罐。