Influenza viruses (family Orthomyxoviridae) infect a variety of vertebrates, including birds, humans, and other mammals. Recent metatranscriptomic studies have uncovered divergent influenza viruses in amphibians, fish and jawless vertebrates, suggesting that these viruses may be widely distributed. We sought to identify additional vertebrate influenza-like viruses through the analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data. Accordingly, by data mining, we identified the complete coding segments of five divergent vertebrate influenza-like viruses. Three fell as sister lineages to influenza B virus: salamander influenza-like virus in Mexican walking fish (Ambystoma mexicanum) and plateau tiger salamander (Ambystoma velasci), Siamese algae-eater influenza-like virus in Siamese algae-eater fish (Gyrinocheilus aymonieri) and chum salmon influenza-like virus in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Similarly, we identified two influenza-like viruses of amphibians that fell as sister lineages to influenza D virus: cane toad influenza-like virus and the ornate chorus frog influenza-like virus, in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) and ornate chorus frog (Microhyla fissipes), respectively. Despite their divergent phylogenetic positions, these viruses retained segment conservation and splicing consistent with transcriptional regulation in influenza B and influenza D viruses, and were detected in respiratory tissues. These data suggest that influenza viruses have been associated with vertebrates for their entire evolutionary history.

中文翻译：

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两栖动物和鱼类的类似流感病毒支持古代进化协会。

流感病毒（正粘病毒科）感染各种脊椎动物，包括鸟类，人类和其他哺乳动物。最近的转录组研究已经在两栖动物，鱼类和无颚脊椎动物中发现了多种流感病毒，这表明这些病毒可能广泛分布。我们试图通过分析可公开获得的RNA测序数据来鉴定其他脊椎动物流感样病毒。因此，通过数据挖掘，我们确定了五种不同的脊椎动物流感样病毒的完整编码片段。三个是B型流感病毒的姐妹血统：墨西哥：鱼（Ambystoma mexicanum）和高原虎sal（Ambystoma velasci）中的sal样流感病毒），食暹罗藻类食鱼鱼中的连体藻类流感病毒（Gyrinocheilus aymonieri）和食鲑鱼中的鲑鱼类流感样病毒（Oncorhynchus keta）。同样，我们在甘蔗蟾蜍（Rhinella marina）和华丽的合唱青蛙（）中发现了两种两栖动物的流感样病毒，它们是D型流感病毒的姐妹谱系：甘蔗蟾蜍流感样病毒和华丽的合唱青蛙流感样病毒。Microhyla裂隙， 分别。尽管它们的系统发育位置不同，但这些病毒保留了与B型和D型流感病毒转录调控一致的节段保守和剪接，并在呼吸组织中被检测到。这些数据表明，流感病毒在整个进化过程中都与脊椎动物有关。